Table 1.
Long COVID distribution according to demography surveyed on 12,925 SARS-CoV-2 cases between July and December 2021 in Bangladesh
| Variables | Sub-category | ALL (N = 2507) |
No long COVID symptoms (N = 1944) | Long COVID (N = 563) |
Mild (N = 220; 0.08 [0.07-0.09] |
Moderate (N = 198; 0.07 [0.06-0.09] |
Severe (N = 145; 0.05 [0.04-0.06] |
P | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age a | Mean ± SD | 37 | ± 13.9 | 37 | ± 14 | 37.2 | ± 13.7 | 37.5 | ± 13.7 | 36.8 | ± 13.3 | 37.4 | ± 14.5 | 0.930 |
| Gender b | Male | 1530 | (61%) | 1183 | (61%) | 347 | (62%) | 145 | 0.05 [0.04-0.06] | 118 | 0.04 [0.03-0.05] | 83 | 0.03 [0.02-0.04] | 0.223 |
| Female | 977 | (39%) | 761 | (39%) | 216 | (38%) | 75 | 0.02 [0.02-0.03] | 80 | 0.03 [0.02-0.03] | 62 | 0.02 [0.01-0.03] | ||
| Hospitalization b | Hospitalized | 280 | (11.17%) | 217 | (11.16%) | 63 | (11.20%) | 26 | 0.01 [0.00-0.01] | 22 | 0.008 [0.00-0.01] | 15 | 0.006 [0.00-0.009] | 0.0001*** |
| At least one COVID case in community b | Yes | 1615 | (64%) | 1284 | (66%) | 331 | (59%) | 119 | 0.04 [0.03-0.05] | 113 | 0.04 [0.03-0.05] | 98 | 0.03 [0.03-0.04] | 0.0001*** |
| At least one COVID case in family b | Yes | 1100 | (44%) | 871 | (45%) | 229 | (41%) | 88 | 0.03 [0.02-0.04] | 83 | 0.03 [0.02-0.04] | 58 | 0.02 [0.01-0.02] | 0.0001*** |
| Vaccination b | Non-Vaccinated | 109 | (6%) | 87 | (4%) | 22 | (4%) | 9 | 0.003 [0.00-0.006] | 9 | 0.003 [0.00-0.006] | 4 | 0.001 [0.00-0.004] | 0.0001*** |
| 1st dose | 259 | (13%) | 196 | (10%) | 63 | (11%) | 22 | 0.008 [0.00-0.01] | 20 | 0.008 [0.00-0.01] | 21 | 0.008 [0.00-0.01] | ||
| 2nd dose | 1589 | (82%) | 1256 | (65%) | 333 | (59%) | 124 | 0.04 [0.04-0.05] | 125 | 0.04 [0.04-0.05] | 84 | 0.03 [0.02-0.04] | ||
| Booster dose | 550 | (28%) | 405 | (21%) | 145 | (26%) | 43 | 0.01 [0.01-0.02] | 65 | 0.02 [0.02-0.03] | 36 | 0.01 [0.01-0.02] | ||
| Living area b | Urban | 228 | (9%) | 168 | (9%) | 60 | (11%) | 29 | 0.01 [0.00-0.01] | 18 | 0.007 [0.00-0.01] | 13 | 0.005 [0.00-0.008] | 0.324 |
| Rural | 848 | (34%) | 651 | (33%) | 197 | (35%) | 93 | 0.03 [0.03-0.04] | 62 | 0.02 [0.01-0.03] | 42 | 0.01 [0.01-0.02] | ||
| Semi urban | 1431 | (57%) | 1125 | (58%) | 306 | (54%) | 97 | 0.03 [0.03-0.04] | 118 | 0.04 [0.03-0.05] | 90 | 0.03 [0.02-0.04] | ||
| Attending Rehabilitation b | Yes | 237 | (9%) | 8 | (0.4%) | 229 | (41%) | 52 | 0.02 [0.01-0.02] | 100 | 0.03 [0.03-0.04] | 77 | 0.03 [0.02-0.03] | 0.0001*** |
aOne-way ANOVA, bFriedman’s ANOVA among mild, moderate, and severe cases with significant values (P) as < 0.001***, < 0.01**, and < 0.05*