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. 2023 Jul 17;81:132. doi: 10.1186/s13690-023-01140-0

Table 2.

Population Proportion of new Long COVID symptoms

Symptoms Before COVID-19, n (%) 12 weeks after COVID-19, n (%) Long COVID cases, n out of N = 2507 Proportion of new Long COVID cases, [95% CI]
Prolonged Generalized Weakness 0 788; 31.4% 533 0.21 [0.19-0.22]
Fatigue 132; 5.3% 765; 30.5% 475 0.18 [0.17-0.20]
Sleep problems or disturbance 0 407; 16.2% 407 0.16 [0.14-0.17]
Cough 24; 1% 398; 15.9% 374 0.14 [0.13-0.16]
Muscle pain 47; 1.9% 419; 16.7% 372 0.14 [0.13-0.16]
General Arthralgia 44; 1.8% 359; 14.3% 315 0.12 [0.11-0.13]
Anxiety based on the YRS scale 68; 2.7% 375; 15% 307 0.12 [0.10-0.13]
Depression based on the YRS scale 67; 2.7% 373; 14.9% 306 0.12 [0.10-0.13]
The problem with playing a social role 61; 2.4% 364; 14.5% 303 0.12 [0.10-0.13]
Headache 19; 0.8% 308; 12.3% 289 0.11 [0.10-0.12]
The problem in Activities of Daily Living 48; 1.9% 301; 12% 253 0.10 [0.08-0.11]
Dizziness 0 272; 10.8% 272 0.10 [0.09-0.12]
Prolonged Fever 0 246; 9.8% 246 0.09 [0.08-0.11]
Memory problem 28; 1.1% 257; 10.3% 229 0.09 [0.08-0.10]
Problem with personal care 38; 1.5% 265; 10.6% 227 0.09 [0.07-0.10]
Problem in Concentration 34; 1.4% 250; 10% 216 0.08 [0.07-0.09]
Breathlessness or Dyspnea 116; 4.6% 321; 12.8% 205 0.08 [0.07-0.09]
Mobility problem 41; 1.6% 238; 9.5% 197 0.07 [0.06-0.08]
Palpitation 0 150; 6% 150 0.05 [0.05-0.06]
Chest pain 11; 0.4% 104; 4.1% 93 0.03 [0.03-0.04]
Skin Rash 0 66; 2.6% 66 0.02 [0.02-0.03]
Swallowing and feeding problem 0 30; 1.2% 30 0.01 [0.008-0.01]
Communication problem 14; 0.6% 42; 1.7% 28 0.01 [0.007-0.01]
Voice change 6; 0.2% 21; 0.8% 15 0.006 [0.003-0.009]
Problem with executing a plan 6; 0.2% 22; 0.9% 16 0.006 [0.003-0.01]
PTSD based on the YRS scale 4; 0.2% 20; 0.8% 16 0.006 [0.003-0.01]
Abdominal Pain 6; 0.2% 20; 0.8% 14 0.005 [0.003-0.009]
Noisy breathing 6; 0.2% 14; 0.6% 8 0.003 [0.001-0.006]
Bladder control problem 5; 0.2% 7; 0.3% 2 0.001 [0.0001-0.002]
Bowel control problem 4; 0.2% 5; 0.2% 1 0.001 [0.00001-0.002]

Long COVID defined according to WHO working group clinical criteria;

C19-YRS, COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale; PTSD, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder;