Table 2.
Intervention condition main effect regression coefficients (from multilevel regression models on data for both parents, except where mother-only report)
| Outcome measures (posttest) | Coefficient (b) | SE | Effect size/IRR |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Observed family interaction | |||
| Coparenting positivity aggregate | 0.20** | 0.07 | 0.47 |
| Coparenting withdrawal | 0.02 | 0.08 | |
| Coparenting competition | −0.22** | 0.08 | 0.37 |
| Coparenting hostility | −0.13 | 0.08 | 0.22 |
| Overall triadic relationship quality | 0.33** | 0.11 | 0.37 |
| Positive endorsement of partner parenting | 0.23** | 0.08 | 0.34 |
| Dyadic couple positive communication | 0.20* | 0.09 | 0.38 |
| Dyadic couple negative communication | −0.10 | 0.08 | |
| Parenting positivity aggregate | 0.22** | 0.07 | 0.41 |
| Parenting negativity aggregate | −0.04 | 0.06 | |
| Parenting autonomy aggregate | −0.17* | 0.07 | 0.26 |
| Parent report of family relations and own adjustment | |||
| Coparenting scale (total score) | −0.03 | 0.07 | |
| Quality of Marriage Index | −0.22** | 0.08 | −0.27 |
| Depressive symptoms | −0.06* | 0.03 | 0.20 |
| Anxiety (STAIT) | −0.73 | 0.40 | |
| Anxiety (Penn State Worry Questionnaire) | −1.34** | 0.41 | 0.29 |
| Parenting Stress Index—abbreviated | −0.08 | 0.05 | |
| Parent report of family violence | |||
| Interparent psychological violence | −0.23 | 0.14 | 0.79 |
| Interparent physical violence | −0.84** | 0.32 | 0.43 |
| Parent-child psychological violence | −0.27* | 0.13 | 0.76 |
| Parent-child physical violence | −0.49** | 0.16 | 0.62 |
| Child outcomes (parent report) | |||
| Soothability | 0.19* | 0.08 | 0.21 |
| Duration of orienting | 0.22* | 0.11 | 0.20 |
| Number of night wakings | −0.02* | 0.01 | 0.27 |
| Difficulty going back to sleep | −0.24* | 0.12 | 0.23 |
| Hours child sleeps during night | 0.01 | 0.17 | |
All models include controls for site location and pretest characteristics of informant, family income, economic strain, parent age, and social desirability. Models for coparenting and observed dyadic variables include a control for pretest couple efficacy. Child sleep variables include a control for child age. Multilevel models were used if data available from each parent. Effect sizes are Cohen’s d (model-adjusted standardized group mean differences) except for family violence variables, which are count variables; for family violence, multilevel negative binomial regression models were used and IRRs given for effect size
IRR incidence rate ratio
p < 0.05
p < 0.01