Table 3.

Obstetrical health outcomes

Outcomes	Definition	Measurement tool
(1) Maternal obstetrical health outcomes
Miscarriage	The spontaneous loss of a fetus before week 20 of a pregnancy; also known as ‘spontaneous abortion’	Clinical documentation
Late entry into prenatal care	Prenatal care which started during the 3rd trimester (7–9 months) of pregnancy	Clinical documentation
Premature rupture of membranes	The rupture of fetal membranes (ie, amniotic sac) before labour starts, given the pregnant person is after 37 weeks of gestation	Clinical documentation of history and physical examination
Inadequate weight gain during pregnancy	Gestational weight gain less than guidelines, stratified based on pre-pregnancy BMI	Weight measurements in clinic
Hospitalisation during pregnancy	Hospital admission during the pregnancy period	Clinical documentation
History of spontaneous abortion	Any previous spontaneous abortion, as defined as the loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation	Self-report or clinical documentation
Dystocia	Difficult or slow labour progression, including abnormal or slow dilation of cervix and/or descent of fetus during labour	Clinical documentation
Gestational hypertension	Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg; hypertension during pregnancy or gestational hypertension	Blood pressure measurements and clinical documentation
Pre-eclampsia	(1) Primary onset of hypertension with proteinuria; hypertension during pregnancy is defined as systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg or (2) primary onset of hypertension with end-organ damage after 20 weeks of gestation	Blood pressure measurements and clinical documentation
Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy	Any serious bleeding during pregnancy, as documented by clinician including antepartum haemorrhage, placental abruption, etc	Clinical documentation
Urinary tract infection	Infection of urinary tract, including the ureters, bladder and urethra	Clinical documentation
Unintended pregnancy	Unwanted or unintended pregnancy	Interview with participant
Unwanted abortion	Unwanted abortion or loss of a fetus before 20 weeks of pregnancy	Interview with participant
(2) Neonatal health outcomes
Perinatal death	Death of baby between 22 weeks of gestation and 7 days after birth	Clinical documentation
Stillbirth	Death of baby after 22 weeks of gestation prior or during labour/birth	Clinical documentation
Preterm birth or prematurity	Infants born before the 37th week of pregnancy	Clinical documentation
Low birth weight	Less than 2500 g birth weight	Clinical documentation of the first weight of the newborn
Small for gestational age	Newborn’s weight is lower than the 10th percentile for their sex and gestational age	Weight measurement in clinic
History of perinatal death	Any previous perinatal death, as defined by death of an infant between 22 weeks of gestation and 7 days after birth	Self-report or clinical documentation
Fetal distress	Clinical diagnosis of fetal hypoxia either before, during or after labour, clinical picture of non-reassuring fetal heart rate, fetal bradycardia, repetitive variable decelerations	Clinical documentation
Failed newborn-to-mother bonding	Clinical diagnosis of the persistent lack of emotional bond between infant and parent	Clinical documentation
Intrauterine growth restriction	Fetal weight lower than 10th percentile based on fetal age	Clinical documentation, diagnosis also based on small gestational age
Urgent Apgar score	An Apgar score of neonate, based on appearance, pulse, grimace, activity and respiration of neonate; score of <3	Clinical documentation

All outcomes will be extracted and are not restricted to this list.

Studies examining outcomes involving feasibility of intervention, satisfaction and acceptance by patient and healthcare provider will also be collected.

BMI, body mass index.