Table 1:
Clinical and demographic features of the study cohort
| Radical nephrectomy | Partial nephrectomy | Thermal ablation | Active surveillance | P* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 1277 | 2967 | 476 | 580 | |
| Age (n=5300) (median [IQR]) | 63 [54, 72] | 59 [50, 67] | 71 [63, 76] | 71 [64, 79] | <0.001 |
| Sex (n=5300) = Male (%) | 796 (62) | 1916 (64) | 302 (63) | 349 (60) | 0.17 |
| Race Group (n=4865) (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| White | 1003 (89) | 2516 (91) | 406 (90) | 413 (81) | |
| Black/African American | 53 (4.7) | 119 (4.3) | 16 (3.5) | 77 (15.0) | |
| Asian | 29 (2.6) | 60 (2.2) | 5 (1.1) | 14 (2.7) | |
| Other | 38 (3.4) | 84 (3.0) | 24 (5.3) | 8 (1.6) | |
| Site (n=5300) (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Mayo | 528 (41.3) | 1389 (46.8) | 271 (56.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Toronto | 228 (18) | 253 (8.5) | 60 (13) | 153 (26) | |
| Hopkins | 43 (3.4) | 275 (9.3) | 28 (5.9) | 344 (59) | |
| Michigan | 478 (37) | 1050 (35) | 117 (25) | 83 (14) | |
| Year of Diagnosis (n=5155) = 2010–2019 (%) | 376 (30) | 1291 (45) | 101 (23) | 419 (72) | <0.001 |
| Calcium (n=2859) (median [IQR]) | 9.5 [9.2, 9.8] | 9.6 [9.3, 9.9] | 9.6 [9.2, 9.9] | 9.6 [9.1, 9.9] | 0.008 |
| Hemoglobin (n=4134) (median [IQR]) | 14 [13, 15] | 14 [13.1, 15.1] | 14 [12, 15] | 13 [12, 15] | <0.001 |
| Albumin (n=1856) (median [IQR]) | 4.2 [3.9, 4.4] | 4.3 [4.1, 4.5] | 4.2 [3.8, 4.4] | 4.2 [3.9, 4.5] | <0.001 |
| eGFR (n=5020) (median [IQR]) | 70 [53, 85] | 77 [62, 92] | 63 [48, 81] | 68 [50, 83] | <0.001 |
| BMI (n=4909) (median [IQR]) | 29 [26, 34] | 29 [26, 34] | 30 [26, 34] | 28.3 [25, 32] | <0.001 |
| BMI Group (n=4909) (%) | 0.001 | ||||
| 11.25–24.9 | 260 (22) | 510 (18) | 75 (19) | 111 (24) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 406 (34) | 1002 (35) | 131 (32) | 184 (40) | |
| 30.0–34.9 | 325 (27) | 737 (26) | 112 (28) | 102 (22) | |
| 35.0–39.9 | 119 (9.9) | 341 (12) | 42 (10) | 39 (8.4) | |
| 40.0–74.9 | 93 (7.7) | 245 (8.6) | 45 (11) | 30 (6.4) | |
| Tumor Size (n=5248) (median [IQR]) | 4.6 [3.3, 6.0] | 3.0 [2.1, 4.0] | 2.5 [2.0, 3.2] | 1.9 [1.4, 2.7] | <0.001 |
| Constitutional Symptoms (n=3436) = Yes (%) | 97 (12) | 134 (7.1) | 77 (22) | 21 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Weight Loss (n=3425) = Yes (%) | 34 (4.3) | 50 (2.6) | 15 (4.2) | 12 (3.0) | 0.097 |
| Night Sweats (n=2878) = Yes (%) | 4 (0.5) | 9 (0.5) | 2 (0.6) | 3 (2.0) | 0.2 |
| Hematuria (n=3562) = Yes (%) | 137 (17) | 154 (8.1) | 10 (2.8) | 47 (9.5) | <0.001 |
| Flank Pain (n=3567) = Yes (%) | 151 (19) | 267 (14) | 38 (11) | 27 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Flank Mass (n=3567) = Yes (%) | 6 (0.8) | 6 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.15 |
| Jaundice (n=2879) = Yes (%) | 5 (0.7) | 3 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.12 |
| Lower Extremity Edema (n=2879) = Yes (%) | 49 (6.5) | 118 (7.2) | 18 (5.4) | 1 (0.7) | 0.01 |
| Thromboembolic Events (n=3552) = Yes (%) | 44 (5.5) | 83 (4.3) | 9 (2.5) | 20 (4.1) | 0.13 |
| ECOG (n=4106) = 2–4 (%) | 47 (5.4) | 46 (2.0) | 52 (13) | 25 (5.2) | <0.001 |
| ASA (n=4208) = 3–4 (%) | 635 (55) | 1181 (43) | 209 (70) | 18 (70) | <0.001 |
| Charlson (n=3949) (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| 1–2 | 369 (41) | 773 (36) | 141 (39) | 195 (38) | |
| 3–12 | 215 (24) | 368 (17) | 112 (31) | 123 (24) | |
| Smoking (n=4486) (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Never | 452 (45) | 1154 (46) | 186 (44) | 310 (56) | |
| Current | 152 (15) | 407 (16) | 45 (11) | 51 (9.2) | |
| Former | 396 (40) | 948 (38) | 192 (45) | 190 (34) | |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) |
*
Continuous characteristics were compared using Kruskal-Wallis tests and categorical characteristics were compared using chi-squared tests.