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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol In Vitro. 2023 Mar 21;89:105589. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105589

Figure 2. Effect of BPA and its analogs on nuclear morphology of C18-4 spermatogonial, TM3 Leydig and TM4 Sertoli cells.

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

A. Representative images of nuclear morphology in spermatogonial, Leydig, and Sertoli cells treated with BPA, BPS, BPAF, and TBBPA for 24h. The nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342, and images were automatically obtained with a 40× objective, 49 fields per well. Yellow arrows indicate the multinucleated cells. Scale bar = 50 μm. B–D, Quantification of absolute nuclear area (μm2) (B), nuclear shape parameters, including P2A for smoothness (C) and LWR for nuclear roundness (D) of the 3 testicular cell types treated with BPA and BPS (5, 50, and 100 μM) and BPAF and TBBPA (1, 5, and 10 μM) for 24 and 48 h. Data were presented as mean ± SD, n = 9. Three replicates in 3 separate experiments were included. Statistical analysis was conducted by 1-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons (*P < .05).