Table 1.
Comparisons of demographic and clinical variables in axSpA patients without central sensitization vs. with central sensitization
| Variable | All axSpA (n=116) | axSpA without CS (n=62) | axSpA with CS (n=54) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 42.0±10.2 | 42.5±11.2 | 41.4±8.9 | 0.572 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.1±4.9 | 27.8±4.8 | 28.5±5.1 | 0.461 |
| Sex | 0.042* | |||
| Male | 59 (50.9) | 37 (59.7) | 22 (40.7) | |
| Female | 57 (49.1) | 25 (40.3) | 32 (59.3) | |
| Education | 0.822 | |||
| Middle school and below | 55 (47.4) | 30 (48.4) | 25 (46.3) | |
| High school and above | 61 (52.6) | 32 (51.6) | 29 (53.7) | |
| Morning stiffness | 0.001* | |||
| Yes | 94 (81.0) | 43 (69.4) | 51(94.4) | |
| No | 22 (19.0) | 19 (30.6) | 3 (5.6) | |
| Medication | 0.001* | |||
| Biologic drugs | 41 (35.3) | 31 (50.0) | 10 (18.5) | |
| Non-biologic drugs | 75 (64.7) | 31 (50.0) | 44 (81.5) | |
| NP (DN4) | 0.001* | |||
| Yes | 27 (23.3) | 5 (8.1) | 22 (40.7) | |
| No | 89 (76.7) | 57 (91.9) | 32 (59.3) | |
| FM | 0.001* | |||
| Yes | 28 (24.1) | 3 (4.8) | 25 (46.3) | |
| No | 88 (75.9) | 59 (95.2) | 29 (53.7) | |
| axSpA | 0.625 | |||
| AS | 67 (57.8) | 37 (59.7) | 30 (55.6) | |
| nr-axSpA | 49 (42.2) | 25 (40.3) | 24 (44.4) | |
| First symptom duration (yr) | 11.5 (6~18) | 12 (6~18.5) | 10 (5.8~18.5) | 0.606 |
| Disease duration (yr) | 6.5 (2~10) | 7.5 (2.8~11) | 6 (2~10) | 0.337 |
| Age of IBP onset (yr) | 27.6±8.5 | 27.7±8.6 | 27.4±8.5 | 0.842 |
| VAS-pain | 5 (3~7) | 4 (2~6) | 7 (5~8) | 0.001* |
| PtGA | 5 (3~7) | 4 (2~5.3) | 7 (5~8) | 0.001* |
| PGA | 5 (3~7) | 4 (2~5) | 6 (5~8) | 0.001* |
| BASDAI | 4.5 (2.4~6.4) | 2.7 (1.5~4.4) | 6.4 (5~7.3) | 0.001* |
| BASMI | 1 (0~3) | 1 (0~3.3) | 1 (0~2.3) | 0.785 |
| BASFI | 2.9 (1~5.2) | 1.3 (0.5~2.9) | 4.9 (3~6.6) | 0.001* |
| ASQoL | 6 (2~11) | 3 (0~5.3) | 11 (7~15) | 0.001* |
| ESR (mm/h) | 6 (3.3~17) | 5 (3~15.3) | 7.5 (3.8~19.3) | 0.500 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 3.3 (1.6~7.1) | 2.8 (1.8~6.8) | 3.75 (1.3~9.2) | 0.823 |
| ASDAS-CRP (mg/L) | 2.7±1.1 | 2.2±1.1 | 3.2±0.9 | 0.001* |
| MASES | 2 (0~4) | 0.5 (0~2) | 3.5 (0~6) | 0.001* |
| CSI-A | 38 (19.3~54.8) | 20.5 (13~31) | 55 (46.8~64) | 0.001* |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range). axSpA: axial spondyloarthritis, CS: central sensitization, BMI: body mass index, NP: neuropathic pain, DN4: douleur neuropathique en 4 questions, FM: fibromyalgia, AS: ankylosing spondylitis, nr-axSpA: non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis, IBP: inflammatory back pain, VAS: visual analogue scale, PtGA: Patient Global Assessment, PGA: Physician Global Assessment, BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, BASMI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, BASFI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, ASQoL: ankylosing spondylitis quality of life, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C-reactive protein, ASDAS-CRP: ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score C-reactive protein, MASES: Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score, CSI-A: central sensitization inventory part A. *Statistically significant (p<0.05).