Table 2.
DAMP, RAMP, SPM and “transitioning” molecule-sensing receptors on non-polarized, M1 and M2 cells.
| M0 | M1 | M2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DAMP | DNA | RAGE (87) | RAGE (88), TLR9 (89) | RAGE (87) |
| IL-1α/β | IL-1RI IL-1RII (90) |
↑IL-1RI (91) | ↑IL-1RII (91) | |
| Histones | TLR2, TRL4 (92) | TLR2, TRL4, TLR9 (89) |
TLR4, TLR2 (93) | |
| RNA | TRL3 (94) | TRL3 (95), TRL7 (96) TLR8 (97) |
TRL3 (95) TRL7 (98) |
|
| S100 proteins | RAGE (87) TRL4 (92) |
RAGE (88) TRL4 (99) |
RAGE (87) TLR4 (99) |
|
| HSPs | TLR2, TRL4 (92) TREM-1 (100) CD14 (101) |
TLR4, TLR2 (89) TREM-1 (102) TREM-2 (103) CD14 |
TLR4, TLR2 (93) TREM-1 (104) ↑TREM-2 (103) CD14 |
|
| Uric acid | TLR2, TRL4 (92) P2X7R (105) CD14 (101) |
TLR4, TLR2 (89) P2X7R (106) CD14 |
TLR4, TLR2 (93) ↑P2X7R (71) CD14 |
|
| EMAP II | VEGFR (107) | VEGFR (108) | ↑VEGFR (109) | |
| Ecirp | TREM-1 (100) TRL4 (92) |
TREM-1 (102) TLR4, MD2 (110) |
TREM-1 (104) | |
| Cyclophilin A | CD147 (111) | CD147 (112) | CD147 (112) | |
| SAP130 | TRL4 (92) MINCLE (113) |
TRL4 (114) ↑MINCLE (114) |
TLR4 (99) MINCLE (114) |
|
| ASC specks | P2X7R (105) | P2X7R (106) | ↑P2X7R (71) | |
| Oxidized phospholipids | TLR2 (92) | TLR2 (89) | TLR2 (93) | |
| RAMP | HSP27 | TRL4 (92) SR-AI (115) |
TRL4 (99) SR-AI (116) |
TLR4 (99) SR-AI (117) CD36 (118) |
| PS | MERTK (119) | MERTK (120) | MERTK (1) | |
| SPM | Resolvin E | BLT1 (121) ERV1 (122) |
BLT1 (121) ERV1 (122) |
↑BLT1 (121) Cmklr1 |
| Resolvin D | ALX/FPR2 (123) DRV1/2 |
ALX/FPR2 (124) | ALX/FPR2 (124) | |
| Lipoxin | ALX/FPR2 (125) | ALX/FPR2 (124) | ALX/FPR2 (124) | |
| Protectin | GPR37 (126) | GPR37 (126) | GPR37 (126) | |
| Maresin | LGR6 (127) |
↑LGR6 (127) RORa |
LGR6 (127) | |
| Transition | HMGB1 | TLR2, TRL4 (92) RAGE (87) TREM-1 (100) |
TLR2, TRL4, TLR9 (89) RAGE (88) TREM-1 (102) |
TLR4, TLR2 (93) RAGE (87) TREM-1 (104) |
| ATP | P2X7R (105) P2Y4 (105) |
P2X7R (106) P2Y4 (105) P2Y2 |
↑P2X7R (71) P2Y2 ↑CD39 |
|
| IL-33 | ST2 (99) | ↑ST2 (128) | ||
| PGE2 | EP2, EP4 (129) |
↑EP2 (130) ↑EP4 (131) |
EP2 (132) EP4 (131) |
|
| AnxA1 | FPR2 (123) | ↑FRP1, ↑FPR2 (133) | FRP1, ↑FPR2 (133) | |
↑ The arrow indicates that although certain receptors may be expressed in different macrophage subtypes, their expression can be further enhanced due to polarization.