Table 3.

Predictors of moderate-to severe pain despite achieving DAS28 remission

Variable	Univariable regression analysis					Multivariable regression analysis
	OR	95% CI		p-value		OR	95% CI		p-value
		Lower	Upper				Lower	Upper
Presence of foot erosions	1.87	1.146	3.065	0.012		2.14	1.240	3.696	0.006
Neurological disorders	3.81	1.405	10.338	0.009		3.93	1.342	11.482	0.013
Endocrine disorders	1.46	1.010	2.117	0.044		1.48	0.988	2.229	0.057
Renal disorders	7.49	1.359	41.323	0.021		4.08	0.690	24.102	0.121
Mental illness	1.48	0.456	4.776	0.516
Corticosteroid use	2.43	1.568	3.762	<0.001		2.37	1.489	3.775	<0.001
Prior use of bDMARDs or tsDMARDs	1.64	1.092	2.468	0.015		1.55	0.983	2.438	0.060
Current biologic agents or JAKis (reference: anti-TNF agents)
Rituximab	1.72×10–06	0	Inf	0.979
Tocilizumab	1.95	1.344	2.817	<0.001		0.95	0.605	1.497	0.832
Abatacept	0.43	0.192	0.964	0.041		0.42	0.171	1.005	0.051
JAKis	0.30	0.106	0.844	0.023		0.26	0.086	0.809	0.020
Disease duration	1.04	1.014	1.062	0.002		1.02	0.996	1.048	0.105
Tender joint count	1.24	1.070	1.441	0.004		1.17	0.988	1.373	0.069
Swollen joint count	1.14	0.930	1.404	0.204
ESR	0.94	0.916	0.972	<0.001		0.95	0.918	0.983	0.003

DAS28: disease activity score of 28 joints, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, bDMARDs: biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, tsDMARDs: targeted synthetic DMARDs, JAKis: Janus kinase inhibitors, TNF: tumor necrosis factor, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate.