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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 17.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Forces. 2017 May 4;95(4):1637–1666. doi: 10.1093/sf/sox028

Table 5.

Results from Quantile Regression Models of Adolescent Ages 12–17, BMI Percentiles by Regions: Brazil, 2003–2008

Brazil
 Northern regions (NNE)
 Southern regions (SSE)
q03
 q50
 q85
 q97
 q03
 q50
 q85
 q97
 q03
 q50
 q85
 q97
BMI z-score Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4 Column5 Column6 Column7 Column8 Column9 Column10 Column11 Column12
Log of per capita household income   0.024   0.044***   0.049***   0.065*** −0.000   0.042***   0.061***   0.077**   0.137***   0.062***   0.036   0.058
(0.0256) (0.0086) (0.0124) (0.0208) (0.0286) (0.0102) (0.0153) (0.0310) (0.0407) (0.0191) (0.0250) (0.0434)
Parental education (HS or more) −0.011   0.071***   0.059**   0.021 −0.003   0.098***   0.092***   0.031 −0.077   0.032   0.037   0.006
(0.0405) (0.0191) (0.0243) (0.0415) (0.0636) (0.0221) (0.0316) (0.0639) (0.0665) (0.0357) (0.0446) (0.0825)
Age in years −0.025***   0.001 −0.003   0.001 −0.001   0.014***   0.011   0.004 −0.058*** −0.012 −0.019*   0.003
(0.0098) (0.0041) (0.0053) (0.0099) (0.0133) (0.0046) (0.0068) (0.0131) (0.0151) (0.0085) (0.0097) (0.0211)
Sex (male omitted) −0.015 −0.006   0.008   0.036   0.043   0.043**   0.041   0.053 −0.028 −0.076***   0.013 −0.045
(0.0341) (0.0139) (0.0194) (0.0366) (0.0486) (0.0177) (0.0247) (0.0516) (0.0549) (0.0293) (0.0334) (0.0732)
Parental obesity (none is overweight or obese omitted)
Only father overweight or obese   0.315***   0.166***   0.234***   0.334***   0.322***   0.157***   0.177***   0.249***   0.328***   0.188***   0.335***   0.512***
(0.0500) (0.0200) (0.0251) (0.0433) (0.0686) (0.0235) (0.0300) (0.0624) (0.0999) (0.0434) (0.0491) (0.0985)
Only mother overweight or obese   0.293***   0.194***   0.201***   0.406***   0.250***   0.210***   0.181***   0.379***   0.383***   0.134***   0.230***   0.461***
(0.0496) (0.0195) (0.0268) (0.0470) (0.0697) (0.0231) (0.0353) (0.0609) (0.0851) (0.0437) (0.0528) (0.1119)
Both overweight or obese   0.574***   0.462***   0.562***   0.753***   0.605***   0.440***   0.498***   0.627***   0.545***   0.481***   0.729***   0.907***
(0.0468) (0.0190) (0.0266) (0.0465) (0.0606) (0.0233) (0.0342) (0.0658) (0.0897) (0.0374) (0.0472) (0.0866)
Healthy food index −0.016 −0.030 −0.052*   0.024 −0.009 −0.040 −0.053 −0.001 −0.129 −0.045 −0.101*   0.057
(0.0493) (0.0245) (0.0293) (0.0549) (0.0722) (0.0289) (0.0395) (0.0730) (0.0908) (0.0458) (0.0586) (0.1162)
Race (nonwhite omitted)   0.020 −0.004 −0.006 −0.052   0.026 −0.037* −0.022 −0.033   0.017   0.053* −0.007 −0.085
(0.0379) (0.0178) (0.0227) (0.0390) (0.0590) (0.0207) (0.0278) (0.0584) (0.0631) (0.0313) (0.0370) (0.0817)
Urban or rural area? (rural omitted) −0.116*** −0.031**   0.047**   0.133*** −0.166*** −0.013   0.040   0.172*** −0.023 −0.079**   0.043   0.089
(0.0384) (0.0155) (0.0203) (0.0361) (0.0542) (0.0192) (0.0274) (0.0473) (0.0690) (0.0336) (0.0406) (0.0792)
Year (2003 omitted)   0.159***   0.111***   0.107***   0.139***   0.159***   0.097***   0.090***   0.093**   0.167***   0.166***   0.131***   0.127*
(0.0347) (0.0154) (0.0192) (0.0329) (0.0485) (0.0173) (0.0257) (0.0464) (0.0586) (0.0308) (0.0355) (0.0740)
Region (Southern regions omitted)
Northern regions −0.109*** −0.126*** −0.153*** −0.176***
(0.0406) (0.0179) (0.0261) (0.0434)
Midwest −0.058   0.003 −0.024 −0.022
(0.0543) (0.0246) (0.0326) (0.0580)
Constant −1.850*** −0.536***   0.391***   0.893*** −2.132*** −0.843*** −0.012   0.630** −2.223*** −0.453***   0.653***   0.889**
(0.2061) (0.0800) (0.1071) (0.2050) (0.2813) (0.0918) (0.1341) (0.2635) (0.3435) (0.1698) (0.2041) (0.4192)
N 27,123 27,123 27,123 27,123 15,539 15,539 15,539 15,539 7,903 7,903 7,903 7,903

Source: 2003 and 2008 POF.