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. 2023 Jul 13;18:1431–1444. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S411437

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© 2023 Requena et al.

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Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced volume capacity; GP, general practitioner; HES, Health Episode Statistics; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; IND, indacaterol; LABA, long-acting β₂-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; OLO, olodaterol; TIO, tiotropium bromide; UMEC, umeclidinium; VI, vilanterol.