Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with vs. without airflow limitation on (micro)spirometry and characteristics of patients with a final diagnosis of obstructive pulmonary disease
| Normal screening (micro)spirometry (N = 159) | Airflow limitation (N = 47) | P-value | Obstructive pulmonary disease (N = 17) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64 [58–71] | 68 [63–72] | 0.056 | 66 [62–72] |
| Male | 104 (65.4) | 36 (76.6) | 0.149 | 12 (70.6) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.0 [25.5–30.8] | 27.4 [25.3–30.5] | 0.537 | 29.4 [25.1–31.0] |
| Hypertension | 71 (44.7) | 20 (42.6) | 0.799 | 9 (52.9) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 15 (9.4) | 4 (8.5) | 1.000 | 1 (5.9) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 42 (26.4) | 9 (19.1) | 0.311 | 5 (29.4) |
| Coronary artery disease | 21 (13.2) | 9 (19.1) | 0.310 | 3 (17.6) |
| Heart failure | 24 (15.4) n = 156 | 9 (19.1) | 0.540 | 3 (17.6) |
| Thromboembolic events | 23 (14.5) | 3 (6.4) | 0.210 | 1 (5.9) |
| Smoking—currently or previously | 60 (39.0) n = 154 | 21 (45.7) n = 46 | 0.417 | 9 (52.9) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 2 [1–3] | 2 [1–3] | 0.579 | 2 [1–3] |
| AF characteristics | ||||
| AF type | Paroxysmal—107 (67.7) | Paroxysmal—23 (48.9) | 0.019 | Paroxysmal—7 (41.2) |
| Persistent—51 (32.3) n = 158 | Persistent—24 (51.1) | Persistent—10 (58.8) | ||
| EHRA classification | I–7 (4.4) | I–3 (6.4) | 0.380 | I–1 (5.9) |
| II–118 (74.2) | II–30 (63.8) | II–12 (70.6) | ||
| III–34 (21.4) | III–14 (29.8) | III–4 (23.5) | ||
| Self-reported dyspnoea | 57 (35.8) | 17 (36.2) | 0.991 | 7 (41.2) |
| Questionnaires | ||||
| mMRC score ≥1 | 47 (45.2) n = 104 | 20 (52.6) n = 38 | 0.432 | 12 (75.0) n = 16 |
| CAT score ≥10 | 56 (50.9) n = 110 | 22 (55.0) n = 40 | 0.657 | 12 (80.0) n = 15 |
| COPD risk score | Moderate risk—31 (27.4) | Moderate risk—14 (35.9) | 0.002 | Moderate risk—5 (29.4) |
| High risk—16 (14.2) n = 113 | High risk—14 (35.9) n = 39 | High risk—9 (52.9) | ||
Bold values indicate P-values of <0.05. Number provided in italics indicates the total number of patients available for that variable. Data is presented as no. (%) or median [IQR].
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CAT, COPD assessment test; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EHRA, European Heart Rhythm Association; mMRC, (modified) Medical Research Council Dyspnoea questionnaire.