Table 5.

Direct, Indirect, and the Total Effect of Socio-Demographical, and Malaria Preventive Behavior Domains on Malaria Risk Perceptions (Derived from GSEM).

Variables Peer Educators Students (n=401)	Malaria Preventive Behaviors and Risk Perceptions (Effect Measure is β)
	Direct Effect (95% CI)	Indirect Effect (95% CI)	Total Effect (95% CI)
DV: Using mosquito Repellant
Residence
Urban	0
Rural	0.15 [−0.61 to 0.91]
Sex
Male	0
Female	0.24[−0.30 to 0.78]
Malaria Risk Perception	1
DV: Indoor Residual Spray use
Residence
Urban	0
Rural	0.17[−0.55 to 0.89]
Knowledge	−0.03[−0.24 to 0.16]	2.66[−0.09 to 5.4]	2.63[−0.33 to 5.56]
Malaria Risk Perception	2.58[−0.10 to 5.26]
DV: Frequent Bed net utilization
Residence
Urban	0
Rural	0.84[−0.20 to 1.87]
Knowledge	−0.22[−0.45 to 0.02]	1.68[−0.36 to 3.71]	1.46[−0.81 to 3.73]
Malaria Risk Perception	1.60[−0.36 to 3.56]
DV: Treatment seeking for malaria
Age	−0.03[−0.14 to 0.08]
Sex
Male	0
Female	−0.32[−0.83 to 0.18]
Knowledge	0.09[−0.03 to 0.20]	1.29[0.11 to 2.47]*	2.99[0.08 to 2.67]*
Malaria Risk Perception	1.21[0.10 to 2.31] *
DV: Appropriate anti-malaria drug use
Age	0.17[−0.03 to 0.36]
Malaria Risk Perception	4.32[−1.02 to 9.66]
DV: Perceived susceptibility to malaria
Malaria Risk Perception	0.02[−0.09 to 0.14]
DV: Perception of malaria Severity
Malaria Risk Perception	0.09[−0.04 to 0.22]
DV: Malaria risk Perception
Attitude	−0.002[−0.001 to 0.01]
Knowledge	0.08[0.01 to 0.14]*

Note: *Shows a significant effect on DV.

Abbreviations: DV, dependent variable; CI, confidence interval.