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. 2023 Jul 3;10:1183485. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1183485

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© 2023 Ferkh, Tjahjadi, Stefani, Geenty, Byth, De Silva, Boyd, Richards, Mollee, Korczyk, Taylor, Kwok, Kizana, Ng and Thomas.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Calculation of echocardiographic formulae evaluated in this study: (A) parasternal long-axis view demonstrating wall thickness (IVSD, interventricular septal diameter; PWD, posterior wall diameter) and cavity size (LVEDD) measurement, (B) mitral valve inflow Doppler demonstrating E velocity, (C) tissue Doppler of mitral valve demonstrating e′ velocity (average of septal and lateral used in E/e′ formula), (D) Simpson's LVEF measurement (apical four-chamber view demonstrated here, but biplane four- and two-chamber views are used in calculation); (E) longitudinal strain measurement demonstrating segmental strain (average of six segments across apical four-chamber, two-chamber and long-axis views at each of basal, mid and apical levels) and global longitudinal strain (LVGLS—average of all 18 segments). *LVMI was calculated using the Devereux formula (i.e., 0.8 {1.04 [(LVEDD + IVSD + PWD)³ − LVEDD³]} + 0.6) and indexed to body surface area.