Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and echocardiographic parameters in CA, AFD, and HHT patient groups.
| CA (n = 120) | AFD (n = 31) | HHT (n = 58) | Total (n = 209) | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male) | 95 (79.2) | 20 (64.5) | 42 (72.4) | 157 (75.1%) | 0.208 |
| Age (years) | 69 (60–76)a | 46 (40–54)b | 72 (63–76) | 66 (55–74) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 125 (110–135) | 125 (112–130)b | 140 (130–150)c | 130 (119–140) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 73 (68–80) | 76 (70–80)b | 80 (75–86)c | 77 (70–80) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 (23.9–29.7) | 24.7 (22.4–28.9)b | 30.5 (27.4–35.3)c | 27.1 (24.2–31) | <0.001 |
| HR (bpm) | 73 (60–83)a | 63 (60–72)b | 74 (67–80) | 71.5 (61–81) | 0.035 |
| LVEF biplane (%) | 53 (49–59)a | 61.3 (57.3–65.2) | 60 (58–63)c | 58 (51–62) | <0.001 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 43 (39–47.5)a | 47 (43.7–51)b | 41 (38–45)c | 43 (39–48) | <0.001 |
| MWT (mm) | 15 (13–16)a | 13 (12–15)b | 12 (12–13)c | 13 (12–16) | <0.001 |
| LVMI (g/m2) | 126.6 (106.4–157.9) | 134 (108.8–152.2)b | 92.7 (79.6–102.3)c | 114.1 (97.9–144.8) | <0.001 |
| RWT (mm) | 0.65 (0.52–0.77)a | 0.49 (0.45–0.63) | 0.58 (0.52–0.67)c | 0.6 (0.51–0.72) | <0.001 |
| E/A (m/s) | 1.09 (0.8–1.85) | 1.23 (1.1–1.5)b | 0.79 (0.69–0.97)c | 0.99 (0.75–1.49) | <0.001 |
| Average e′ (cm/s) | 5 (4–6)a | 7.7 (6.5–9.2)b | 6 (5.5–7.5)c | 6 (4.5–7) | <0.001 |
| E/e′ (cm/s) | 15.63 (11.64–20.57)a | 9.77 (8.66–12.87) | 10.4 (8.63–12.67)c | 12.88 (9.71–17.17) | <0.001 |
| LAVI (ml/m2) | 49.79 (39.01–59)a | 36.91 (26.42–42.09) | 31.99 (26.83–38.09)c | 40.31 (31.96–52.41) | <0.001 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 18.6 (15.2–21.1)a | 22 (20–26) | 21 (20–24)c | 20 (17–23) | <0.001 |
| LVGLS (%) | 12.29 (10.33–15.56)a | 16.92 (14.14–18.78)b | 18.56 (17.51–19.97)c | 15.7 (11.54–18.36) | <0.001 |
| Basal strain (%) | 9.09 (5.5–11.4)a | 14.09 (12.67–16.24)b | 16.3 (14.76–18.53)c | 12.3 (7.5–15.75) | <0.001 |
| Mid strain (%) | 11.82 (9.6–14.94)a | 16.26 (13.71–18.12)b | 18.2 (16.5–20.4)c | 15.2 (10.8–17.84) | <0.001 |
| Apical strain (%) | 17.4 (14.9–19.9)a | 19.55 (16.84–22.53)b | 22.39 (20.05–24.08)c | 19.33 (16.18–22.58) | <0.001 |
| RVFWS (%) | 19.5 (15.4–23.78)a | 24.45 (21.93–25.8) | 22.71 (21.21–24.85)c | 21.42 (17.2–24.46) | <0.001 |
| EFSR | 4.09 (3.5–4.99) | 3.64 (3.32–4.25)b | 3.24 (3.05–3.48)c | 3.62 (3.2–4.5) | <0.001 |
| MSR | 10.19 (7.56–15.06)a | 8.19 (5.99–11.06)b | 4.95 (4.31–5.56)c | 7.85 (5.31–11.71) | <0.001 |
| RAS | 0.851 (0.702–1.084)a | 0.64 (0.541–0.745) | 0.645 (0.561–0.709)c | 0.739 (0.614–0.907) | <0.001 |
| AMYLI | 9.64 (6.87–15.76)a | 5.74 (4.35–7.1) | 5.91 (5.03–7.71)c | 7.71 (5.49–11.82) | <0.001 |
AFD, Anderson–Fabry disease; AMYLI score, RWT×E/e′; BMI, body mass index; CA, cardiac amyloid; E/A, mitral inflow E/A velocity ratio; e′, mitral valve tissue Doppler e′ velocity; EFSR, LVEF-to-strain ratio; HHT, hypertensive heart disease; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LVEDD, LV end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVGLS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; MSR, mass-to-strain ratio; MWT, mean wall thickness; RAS, relative apical sparing ratio; RVFWS, right ventricular free-wall strain; RWT, relative wall thickness; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; HR, Heart rate.
Data presented as median (lower quartile–upper quartile) for continuous variables and frequency (percentage) for categorical variables.
p value for sex derived using Chi-squared test, for RV-S′ (unavailable in AFD) using Mann–Whitney test and for remaining variables using Kruskal–Wallis test.
CA vs. AFD (p < 0.05).
AFD vs. HHT (p < 0.05).
CA vs. HHT (p < 0.05).