Table 3.
Results of a multivariate logistic regression assessing factors associated with undernutrition among adolescents at traditional schools in Gondar, Ethiopia, 2021.
| Variables | Undernutrition | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||
| Age (years) | |||||
| Early adolescence (10–14) | 78 | 65 | 1.4 (0.97–2.013) | 1.5 (0.99–2.23) | 0.77 |
| Late adolescence (15–19) | 442 | 263 | 1 | 1 | |
| Educational status | |||||
| Able to read and write | 173 | 112 | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 1.5 (0.99–1.3) | 0.15 |
| Primary education | 294 | 179 | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 1.2 (0.65–1.9) | 0.98 |
| Secondary and above | 53 | 37 | 1 | 1 | |
| Level of study in traditional education | |||||
| Dikuna | 4 | 11 | 0.16 (0.04–0.62) | **4.3 (1.3–13.6) | 0.01 |
| Kinne | 344 | 222 | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | **4.5 (1.4–14.6) | 0.01 |
| Aqaqame | 117 | 72 | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | **9.9 (2.5–39.88) | 0.001 |
| Digua | 29 | 8 | 1.6 (0.5–4.7) | 2.3 (0.4–11.9) | 0.19 |
| Turigame | 5 | 6 | 0.4 (0.9–1.5) | **6.4 (1.6–25.6) | 0.01 |
| Kidase | 21 | 9 | 1 | 1 | |
| Father’s educational status | |||||
| Unable to read and write | 222 | 148 | 0.5 (0.3–1) | 0.5 (0.3–1.001) | 0.93 |
| Able to read and write | 256 | 156 | 0.6 (0.3–1) | 0.6 (0.23–1.03) | 0.51 |
| Primary education and above | 42 | 15 | 1 | 1 | |
| Mother’s educational status | |||||
| Unable to read and write | 372 | 243 | 2.45 (0.8–7.6) | **3.7 (1.13–12.8) | 0.01 |
| Able to read and write | 143 | 77 | 2.97 (0.9–9.4) | 3.4 (0.96–11.8) | 0.64 |
| Primary education and above | 5 | 8 | 1 | 1 | |
| Mother’s occupation | |||||
| Housewife | 424 | 258 | 1.3 (0.8–2.04) | 1.2 (0.7–2) | 0.57 |
| Merchant | 53 | 37 | 1.09 (0.6–2.04) | 1.2 (0.4–2.9) | 0.52 |
| Day-laborer | 43 | 33 | 1 | 1 | |
| Father’s occupation | |||||
| Farmer | 415 | 273 | 0.6 (0.3–1.02) | 0.6 (0.3–1.14) | 0.64 |
| Merchant | 33 | 19 | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | 0.5 (0.2–1.34) | 0.80 |
| Government employee | 17 | 15 | 0.4 (0.2–1.04) | 0.37 (0.1–1.9) | 0.59 |
| Day-laborer | 12 | 5 | 0.9 (0.3–2.9) | 0.9 (0.3–3.17) | 0.71 |
| Private employee | 43 | 16 | 1 | 1 | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| Yes | 449 | 266 | 1.5 (1.01–2.14) | 3.9 (0.46–1.12) | 0.61 |
| No | 71 | 62 | 1 | 1 | |
| Fasting | |||||
| Sometimes | 298 | 190 | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.8 (0.46–1.512) | 0.67 |
| Most of the time | 188 | 120 | 1.2 (0.7–2.2) | 0.8 (0.45–1.535) | 0.52 |
| Always | 34 | 18 | 1 | 1 | |
| Main source of food | |||||
| Church | 50 | 39 | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.81 |
| Family | 26 | 18 | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.9 (0.35–1) | 0.93 |
| Community | 444 | 271 | 1 | 1 | |
| Storing food | |||||
| Yes | 495 | 318 | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 2.6 (0.104–1) | 0.87 |
| No | 25 | 10 | 1 | 1 | |
| Ate other fruits yesterday | |||||
| Yes | 385 | 249 | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.7 (0.5–2.23) | 0.77 |
| No | 135 | 79 | 1 | 1 | |
| Ate fruits and vegetables rich in Vitamin A yesterday | |||||
| Yes | 376 | 215 | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.3 (0.6–1) | 0.62 |
| No | 144 | 113 | 1 | 1 | |
| Access to latrine | |||||
| Yes | 437 | 274 | 1.04 (0.7–1.5) | 0.6 (0.05–6.3) | 0.95 |
| No | 83 | 54 | 1 | 1 | |
| Washing hands before and after eating | |||||
| Yes | 448 | 278 | 1.12 (0.8–1.7) | **0.7 (0.5–0.98) | 0.001 |
| No | 72 | 50 | 1 | 1 | |
| Washing hands after visiting the toilet | |||||
| Yes | 63 | 28 | 1.5 (1.05–2.12) | **0.69 (0.47–0.96) | 0.012 |
| No | 457 | 300 | 1 | 1 | |
| History of illness in the past month | |||||
| Yes | 335 | 217 | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.84 (0.6–1.15) | 0.95 |
| No | 185 | 111 | 1 | 1 | |
| Source of money for daily use | |||||
| Family | 104 | 56 | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.7 (0.3–1.24) | 0.61 |
| Daily labor | 381 | 243 | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.6 (1.2–1.8) | 0.68 |
| None | 35 | 29 | 1 | 1 | |
AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio; *significant at p < 0.05; **significant at p < 0.01.