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. 2023 Jul 17;14:4278. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39844-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a RNA analysis of GBM EVs and their parent cell lines. We obtained cell pellets and isolated EVs from six GBM lines. EV and cellular mRNA and miRNA levels showed good correlation, indicating that EVs are reflective of their parent cells and have the potential to be used as a surrogate biomarker for cells. b RNA analysis of matched plasma-derived EVs and tumor tissues obtained from GBM patients. Plasma and tumor miRNA levels were correlated while their mRNA levels were not. The expression levels of mRNA and miRNA were measured with RT-qPCR. mRNA levels were normalized to intrinsic GAPDH and miRNA levels normalized to total RNA amount input. c Markers selected for inclusion in subsequent clinical study. mRNA markers with plasma expression and all miRNA markers were included in the clinical study. All measurements were performed in triplicate (n = 3 independent experiments), and the data are displayed as mean. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.