Table 2.

Outcome indices at baseline (T0) and follow-up visit after 6 months (T6) and the mean differences plus 95% CI between these visits in the normal glycemic and hyperglycemic groups of the study population.

	Normal glycemia	Hyperglycemia	Adjusted group differences
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean difference (95% CI)	p
	T0 (n = 26)
Insulinogenic index	2.78 ± 1.77	1.01 ± 0.51	−1.70 (−2.78, −0.63)	0.004
Insulin sensitivity index	3.47 ± 1.78	3.12 ± 1.23	−0.52 (−1.91, 0.86)	0.44
Disposition Index	8.40 ± 5.42	3.05 ± 1.79	−5.64 (−9.11, −2.16)	0.003
HOMA-beta	1.63 ± 1.07	2.00 ± 0.92	0.61 (−0.26, 1.47)	0.16
HOMA-IR	2.69 ± 1.87	4.03 ± 2.44	1.84 (−0.15, 3.84)	0.07
	T6 (n = 26)
Insulinogenic index	1.35 ± 0.64	1.57 ± 2.28	0.52 (−1.32, 2.36)	0.56
Insulin sensitivity index	4.56 ± 1.27	4.52 ± 2.75	−0.62 (−2.67, 1.43)	0.53
Disposition Index	5.67 ± 1.98	4.45 ± 2.83	−1.11 (−3.47, 1.25)	0.34
HOMA-beta	1.20 ± 0.41	1.60 ± 1.24	0.62 (−0.35, 1.58)	0.20
HOMA-IR	2.04 ± 0.62	3.20 ± 2.83	1.59 (−0.59, 3.78)	0.14

	ΔT6-T0 (n = 26)
	Normal glycemia		Hyperglycemia
	Mean difference (95% CI)	p	Mean difference (95% CI)	p
Insulinogenic index	−1.34 (−2.48, −0.19)	0.03	0.54 (−0.72, 1.79)	0.38
Insulin sensitivity index	1.02 (−0.17, 2.22)	0.08	1.84 (0.45, 3.24)	0.01
Disposition index	−2.39 (−6.73, 1.96)	0.23	1.05 (−0.33, 2.44)	0.12
HOMA-beta	−0.43 (−1.12, 0.27)	0.20	−0.48 (−0.90, −0.05)	0.03
HOMA-IR	−0.65 (−1.88, 0.59)	0.26	−0.99 (−1.90, −0.09)	0.03

Data are shown as mean ± SD. Differences between the normal glycaemic and hyperglycaemic group are shown as mean difference ± 95% CI adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. P-values were derived from unpaired T-test.

Differences over time between T6 and T0 were derived from paired T-test.

CI confidence interval, HOMA-beta homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, SD standard deviation, T0 baseline visit, T6 visit after six months, ΔT6-T0 change between T6 and T0.

Bold values denote statistically significant p values.