Fig. 6. Network of cliques connecting drugs, birth defects and genes.

Cliques are made of drugs that have a placenta crossing predicted rank of less than 3000 and are known to induce a birth defect based on literature evidence. These drugs are connected to the genes that their expression is affected by the drugs based on LINCS L1000 data. Finally, associations between genes and birth defects are established based on known mutations that are known to cause the same birth defect. Light blue nodes represent birth-defect terms, orange nodes represent genes, and pink nodes represent drugs and preclinical small molecules. Red lines with diamond-heads indicate an L1000 consensus drug signatures that upregulates the gene, and plungers indicate an L1000 consensus drug signature that downregulates the target gene. Gray arrowheads indicate genes that their mutations induce a birth defect, and gray diamond-heads connect drugs to the birth defects they are known to induce.