Figure 3.

Inhibitory effects of GSSSG on LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in BV-2 cells. Changes of TNF-α, Ccl2, IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expression (A–D) and protein secretion (E–G) in mouse-derived BV-2 cells. For gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR (A-D), cells were pretreated with GSSSG for 1 h, followed by LPS treatment for 6 h. For protein quantification using ELISA (E–G), cells were pretreated with GSSSG for 1 h, followed by LPS treatment for 6 h or 24 h. Culture supernatants obtained from cells treated with LPS for 6 h and 24 h were used for protein quantification of IL-6 (6 h), and TNF-α, Ccl2 and IL-1β (24 h). Error bars represent the standard deviation of the mean. ^##P < 0.01 versus LPS( −)GSSSG( −) controls (Welch's t test; n = 4); ^*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus LPS( +)GSSSG( −) (Dunnett's test; n = 4).