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. 2023 Jun 23;112(4-5):213–223. doi: 10.1007/s11103-023-01362-4

Table 1.

Basic properties of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a plant cell. Showing the foremost studied ROS in plant cell: triplet oxygen (3O2); superoxide (O2·−); hydroxyl radical (·OH); singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

ROS Structure Life span (t1/2) Migration distance Main activities References
bt

3 O 2

Triplet

oxigen

 graphic file with name 11103_2023_1362_Figa_HTML.gif

> 1 ms

ground state

 > 1 mm Diradical, one-electron oxidant, respiration (Pryor et al. 2006)
Free radicals

O 2 ·−

Superoxide

 graphic file with name 11103_2023_1362_Figb_HTML.gif 1–4 ms 30 nm Reacts with Fe-S proteins, dismutases to H2O2 (Fujii et al. 2022)

· OH

Hydroxyl radical

 graphic file with name 11103_2023_1362_Figc_HTML.gif 1 ns 1 nm Extremely reactive with DNA, RNA, lipids and proteins (Dumanović et al. 2021)
Nonradicals

1 O 2

Singlet oxygen

 graphic file with name 11103_2023_1362_Figd_HTML.gif 1–4 ms 30 nm Oxidases lipids, proteins (attacking Trp, His, Tyr, Met and Cys residues) and G residues on DNA (Fischer et al. 2013)

H 2 O 2

Hydrogen peroxide

 graphic file with name 11103_2023_1362_Fige_HTML.gif > 1 ms > 1 mm Reacts with proteins (attacking Cys and Met residues), heme proteins and DNA (Hasanuzzaman et al. 2020)