TABLE 5.

Physical fitness parameters based on the report of musculoskeletal discomfort at various sites.

Musculoskeletal discomfort	abVO2max (L•min)		relVO2max (L•min)		Grip strength (kg)		Leg strength (kg)		Push-ups (rpm)		Sit-ups (rpm)		Sit-and-reach (cm)		Lean body mass (kg)
	N	$\overline{\mathrm{X}}$ ± SD	N	$\overline{\mathrm{X}}$ ± SD	N	$\overline{\mathrm{X}}$ ± SD	N	$\overline{\mathrm{X}}$ ± SD	N	$\overline{\mathrm{X}}$ ± SD	N	± SD	N	$\overline{\mathrm{X}}$ ± SD	N	$\overline{\mathrm{X}}$ ± SD
Overall discomfort	130	3.4 ± 0.2	130	42.3 ± 6.1	127	88.4 ± 18.3	127	114.4 ± 29.5	127	31.7 ± 13.9	126	28.5 ± 11.0	127	42.4 ± 9.2	130	60.2 ± 9.7
No discomfort	179	3.3 ± 0.2	179	42.3 ± 6.2	177	90.7 ± 16.9	176	117.7 ± 28.4	177	30.3 ± 13.6	177	28.3 ± 9.9	177	43.1 ± 9.1	178	60.5 ± 9.7
p-value		0.038*		0.498		0.132		0.163		0.370		0.433		0.249		0.394
Neck discomfort	33	3.4 ± 0.3	33	42.2 ± 5.5	32	90.1 ± 14.0	32	116.9 ± 27.5	32	35.7 ± 12.8	32	29.2 ± 10.6	32	39.9 ± 8.2	33	60.7 ± 7.8
No discomfort	276	3.4 ± 0.3	276	42.3 ± 6.2	276	89.7 ± 17.9	276	116.2 ± 29.0	271	30.3 ± 13.8	271	28.3 ± 10.3	272	43.2 ± 9.2	275	60.3 ± 9.9
p-value		0.356		0.446		0.441		0.450		0.019*		0.334		0.029*		0.409
Shoulder discomfort	42	3.4 ± 0.3	42	42.7 ± 5.4	40	94.3 ± 18.0	40	120.3 ± 26.4	40	34.3 ± 12.8	40	31.0 ± 11.8	40	42.1 ± 9.4	42	62.6 ± 7.9
No discomfort	267	3.4 ± 0.3	267	42.4 ± 6.3	264	89.0 ± 17.3	263	115.7 ± 29.2	267	30.4 ± 13.9	263	28.0 ± 10.1	264	42.9 ± 9.1	266	60.0 ± 9.9
p-value		0.394		0.247		0.037*		0.176		0.047*		0.045*		0.286		0.054
Upper back discomfort	24	3.5 ± 0.3	24	44.5 ± 5.9	24	88.1 ± 15.1	24	109.9 ± 25.5	24	35.7 ± 12.2	24	32.5 ± 8.8	24	42.1 ± 9.4	24	59.1 ± 8.8
No discomfort	285	3.4 ± 0.3	285	42.1 ± 6.1	280	89.9 ± 17.7	279	115.9 ± 29.1	279	30.4 ± 13.8	279	28.1 ± 10.4	280	42.9 ± 9.1	284	60.5 ± 9.8
p-value		0.159		0.034*		0.314		0.127		0.036*		0.022*		0.333		0.253
Elbow discomfort	23	3.4 ± 0.3	23	42.2 ± 6.1	22	90.9 ± 14.1	22	117.1 ± 27.5	22	37.0 ± 11.9	22	31.8 ± 11.7	22	39.6 ± 7.7	23	61.5 ± 7.0
No discomfort	286	3.4 ± 0.3	286	42.3 ± 6.2	282	89.6 ± 17.7	281	116.3 ± 28.9	281	30.4 ± 13.8	281	28.2 ± 10.2	282	43.1 ± 9.2	285	60.3 ± 9.9
p-value		0.403		0.447		0.371		0.448		0.015*		0.055		0.044*		0.273
Wrist and hand discomfort	31	3.4 ± 0.3	31	41.9 ± 6.5	30	92.0 ± 13.1	30	120.9 ± 23.3	29	38.4 ± 14.5	30	31.9 ± 12.7	30	41.2 ± 9.8	31	60.4 ± 7.1
No discomfort	278	3.4 ± 0.3	278	42.4 ± 6.1	274	89.4 ± 17.9	273	115.8 ± 29.3	274	30.1 ± 13.5	273	28.0 ± 10.0	274	43.0 ± 9.1	277	60.3 ± 9.9
p-value		0.453		0.328		0.140		0.180		<0.001**		0.027*		0.146		0.478
Lower back discomfort	71	3.5 ± 0.3	71	41.6 ± 5.4	69	86.9 ± 14.8	69	111.6 ± 30.5	69	29.9 ± 14.4	68	27.4 ± 11.2	69	41.5 ± 9.3	71	60.3 ± 9.7
No discomfort	238	3.4 ± 0.3	238	42.5 ± 6.3	235	90.5 ± 18.2	235	117.7 ± 28.2	234	31.1 ± 13.6	235	28.7 ± 10.1	235	43.2 ± 9.1	237	60.4 ± 9.7
p-value		0.030*		0.134		0.067		0.061		0.262		0.187		0.084		0.462
Hip discomfort	19	3.4 ± 0.2	19	43.2 ± 6.3	19	90.8 ± 11.9	19	117.1 ± 25.4	19	36.1 ± 11.9	19	31.9 ± 9.4	19	40.8 ± 10.9	19	61.2 ± 9.5
No discomfort	290	3.4 ± 0.3	290	42.3 ± 6.1	285	89.6 ± 17.8	284	116.3 ± 29.1	284	30.5 ± 13.8	284	28.2 ± 10.4	285	42.99.0	289	60.3 ± 9.7
p-value		0.350		0.269		0.391		0.449		0.043*		0.062		0.163		0.347
Thigh discomfort	18	3.5 ± 0.2	18	42.2 ± 5.5	18	94.3 ± 10.6	18	125.1 ± 25.3	18	39.5 ± 12.4	18	34.3 ± 12.1	18	38.8 ± 9.3	18	63.4 ± 7.7
No discomfort	291	3.4 ± 0.3	291	42.3 ± 6.2	286	89.4 ± 17.8	286	115.8 ± 28.9	285	30.3 ± 13.7	285	28.0 ± 10.1	286	43.1 ± 9.1	290	60.2 ± 9.8
p-value		0.165		0.466		0.042*		0.092		0.003**		0.006**		0.028*		0.084
Ankle and foot discomfort	29	3.5 ± 0.3	29	41.7 ± 6.2	29	89.7 ± 14.1	29	118.1 ± 28.1	29	35.2 ± 13.3	28	30.3 ± 11.0	29	40.9 ± 9.9	29	60.3 ± 9.2
No discomfort	280	3.4 ± 0.3	280	42.4 ± 6.1	275	89.7 ± 17.8	274	116.1 ± 28.9	274	30.4 ± 13.7	275	28.2 ± 10.3	275	43.0 ± 9.1	279	60.4 ± 9.7
p-value		0.144		0.276		0.496		0.360		0.039*		0.158		0.115		0.478

Note: * indicates statistical significance <0.05; ** indicates statistical significance <0.01; $\overline{\mathrm{X}}$ —mean; SD—standard deviation; L•min—liters per minute; mL•kg•min—milliliters per minute; kg—kilogram; rpm—repetitions per minute.