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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 18.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Ther. 2020 Feb 20;51(4):535–547. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2020.02.002

Table 3.

Baseline and Posttreatment Sleep and Psychosocial Self-Report Outcomes by Treatment Arm

BBTI Pre
BBTI Post
CBTI Pre
CBTI Post
ΔCBTI-ΔBBTI es
M (SD) M (SD) Δ es M (SD) M (SD) Δ es

Sleep n=31 n=22 n=32 n=17
ISI 19.8 (3.5) 11.0 (6.5) −8.8 2.5 20.6 (3.7) 9.6 (4.9) −11.0 3.0 0.5
PSQI 12.3 (4.0) 8.4 (4.3) −3.9 1.0 12.9 (3.5) 6.8 (3.5) −6.1 1.7 0.7
ESS 8.2 (4.8) 9.4 (5.0) 1.2 0.3 9.3 (5.6) 9.2 (4.7) −0.1 0.0 −0.3
DBAS 5.5 (1.9) 4.4 (1.6) −1.1 0.6 5.9 (1.6) 4.6 (1.9) −1.3 0.8 0.2
Psychosocial n=31 n=22 n=32 n=17
PHQ9 7.4 (5.1) 5.1 (4.9) −2.3 0.5 9.3 (5.6) 5.1 (4.3) −4.2 0.8 0.3
GAD7 6.6 (5.1) 5.0 (4.7) −1.6 0.3 7.8 (5.1) 5.2 (3.5) −2.6 0.5 0.2
PCL5 16.7 (13.2) 14.8 (13.4) −1.9 0.1 26.4 (19.5) 14.2 (14.1) −12.2 0.6 0.5
Fatigue 61.1 (8.0) 54.2 (11.4) −6.9 0.9 62.1 (8.3) 53.4 (9.3) −8.7 1.0 0.1
PEG 15.5 (7.2) 14.6 (8.2) −0.9 0.1 16.3 (8.6) 13.2 (8.6) −3.1 0.4 0.3
QOL-PH 37.6 (6.5) 41.4 (8.1) 3.8 0.6 37.1 (7.4) 41.8 (8.3) 4.7 0.6 0.0
QOL-MH 44.1 (9.2) 45.8 (9.2) 1.7 0.2 41.4 (8.3) 45.6 (8.6) 4.2 0.5 0.3
WSAS 19.0 (11.6) 12.5 (10.1) −6.5 0.6 19.9 (8.9) 10.8 (9.1) −9.1 1.0 0.4
PGIC 1.7 (1.1) 4.7 (1.9) 3.0 2.7 1.9 (1.3) 5.0 (1.6) 3.1 2.4 −0.3

Notes. Δ, post – pre; p-value based on linear mixed model; es, Glass’s Δ=|Mpre – Mpost|/SDpre

sleep item removed

p<.01

p<.001

BBTI, Brief Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia; CBTI, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; DBAS, Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep; PHQ9, Patient Health Questionnaire; GAD7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder; PCL5, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist; PEG, pain intensity, interference with enjoyment of life, and interference with general activity; QOL-PH, Quality of Life – Physical Health; QOL-MH, Quality of Life – Mental Health; WSAS, Work and Social Adjustment Scale; PGIC, Patient Global Impression of Change.