Table 4.
Association analysis for the JIS, IDF, and NWC criteria for MetS in men (N = 42,690)
| JIS | IDF | NWC | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Category | ORs (95% CI) | P-value | ORs (95% CI) | P-value | ORs (95% CI) | P-value |
| Age, years | 40–45 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 45–50 | 1.914 (1.479–2.476) | < 0.001 | 2.130 (1.537–2.951) | < 0.001 | 1.337 (0.990–1.806) | .059 | |
| 50–55 | 2.317 (1.716–3.129) | < 0.001 | 2.292 (1.556–3.375) | < 0.001 | 1.579 (1.116–2.233) | < 0.001 | |
| 55–60 | 2.172 (1.592–2.964) | < 0.001 | 1.677 (1.115–2.522) | .013 | 1.751 (1.228–2.495) | < 0.001 | |
| 60–65 | 2.102 (1.556–2.838) | < 0.001 | 1.620 (1.092–2.405) | .017 | 1.771 (1.259–2.491) | < 0.001 | |
| 65–70 | 2.339 (1.740–3.144) | < 0.001 | 1.790 (1.214–2.638) | < 0.001 | 1.948 (1.392–2.725) | < 0.001 | |
| 70–75 | 3.053 (2.252–4.141) | < 0.001 | 2.411 (1.616–3.598) | < 0.001 | 2.333 (1.651–3.295) | < 0.001 | |
| Smoking† | Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| No | 0.917 (0.808–1.041) | .181 | 1.202 (1.007–1.434) | .042 | 0.801 (0.698–0.920) | < 0.001 | |
| Exercise habits† | Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| No | 1.226 (1.122–1.339) | < 0.001 | 1.316 (1.163–1.489) | < 0.001 | 1.173 (1.062–1.296) | < 0.001 | |
| Physical activity† | Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| No | 1.363 (1.257–1.479) | < 0.001 | 1.373 (1.226–1.538) | < 0.001 | 1.312 (1.196–1.439) | < 0.001 | |
| Walking speed† | Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| No | 1.229 (1.126–1.341) | < 0.001 | 1.363 (1.207–1.539) | < 0.001 | 1.092 (0.989–1.206) | .081 | |
| Eating rate† | Fast | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Normal | 0.722 (0.654–0.797) | < 0.001 | 0.677 (0.593–0.772) | < 0.001 | 0.795 (0.711–0.888) | < 0.001 | |
| Slow | 0.486 (0.403–0.586) | < 0.001 | 0.441 (0.335–0.579) | < 0.001 | 0.657 (0.534–0.809) | < 0.001 | |
| Skipping breakfast† | Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| No | 0.847 (0.729–0.983) | .029 | 0.869 (0.716–1.055) | .157 | 0.828 (0.699–0.979) | .028 | |
| Late-night dinner† | Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| No | 0.778 (0.699–0.867) | < 0.001 | 0.752 (0.652–0.868) | < 0.001 | 0.814 (0.720–0.920) | < 0.001 | |
| Snacking† | Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| No | 0.869 (0.771–0.979) | .021 | 0.769 (0.658–0.900) | < 0.001 | 0.947 (0.825–1.086) | .433 | |
| Alcohol consumption frequency† | Every day | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Sometimes | 0.921 (0.822–1.032) | .157 | 0.792 (0.677–0.927) | < 0.001 | 1.003 (0.881–1.141) | .969 | |
| Rarely | 1.224 (1.057–1.417) | < 0.001 | 1.058 (0.867–1.291) | .577 | 1.382 (1.173–1.628) | < 0.001 | |
| Alcohol consumption† | < 180 mL | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 180–360 mL | 0.947 (0.850–1.054) | .318 | 0.847 (0.729–0.985) | .031 | 1.007 (0.890–1.138) | .917 | |
| 360–540 mL | 1.101 (0.957–1.267) | .177 | 0.975 (0.804–1.182) | .794 | 1.195 (1.020–1.401) | .027 | |
| > 540 mL | 1.255 (1.011–1.558) | .039 | 1.038 (0.776–1.387) | .803 | 1.360 (1.069–1.731) | .012 | |
| Sleeping† | Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| No | 0.965 (0.876–1.063) | .475 | 1.037 (0.908–1.184) | .593 | 0.950 (0.851–1.061) | .365 | |
| Regional cluster | 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 2 | 1.117 (0.781–1.596) | .545 | 0.929 (0.579–1.489) | .760 | 1.058 (0.723–1.548) | .772 | |
| 3 | 0.731 (0.575–0.929) | .011 | 0.705 (0.506–0.981) | .038 | 0.785 (0.604–1.021) | .071 | |
| 4 | 0.875 (0.683–1.120) | .289 | 0.732 (0.522–1.028) | .072 | 0.966 (0.739–1.263) | .803 | |
| 5 | 1.163 (0.910–1.487) | .228 | 1.150 (0.829–1.594) | .403 | 1.083 (0.829–1.413) | .560 | |
| 6 | 1.183 (0.852–1.643) | .315 | 1.127 (0.729–1.741) | .590 | 1.080 (0.756–1.544) | .672 | |
| 7 | 1.232 (0.972–1.563) | .085 | 1.154 (0.840–1.586) | .375 | 1.156 (0.893–1.497) | .270 | |
MetS metabolic syndrome, JIS Joint Interim Statement, IDF International Diabetes Federation, NWC not-involving waist circumference
†See Supplementary Table S1 for the definitions of each lifestyle-related variables