Table 1.
Anthropometric characteristics, body composition and inflammatory parameters of the study population at baseline and after 31 days of active stage of VLCKD
| Parameters | Baseline Mean ± SD or number (%) N = 324 |
Day 31 of VLCKD Mean ± SD or number (%) N = 324 |
∆% | *p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric parameters | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 99.93 ± 16.80 | 87.82 ± 15.62 | − 7.3 ± 2.90 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35.64 ± 5.51 | 32.98 ± 5.19 | < 0.001 | |
| WC (cm) | 104.83 ± 15.36 | 98.14 ± 14.34 | − 6.22 ± 5.57 | < 0.001 |
| Body composition | ||||
| R (Ω) | 476.82 ± 73.75 | 482.62 ± 69.20 | 1.75 ± 9.22 | 0.013 |
| Xc (Ω) | 47.31 ± 9.98 | 51.23 ± 9.96 | 9.85 ± 16.71 | < 0.001 |
| FFM (kg) | 54.37 ± 6.67 | 53.54 ± 6.54 | − 1.45 ± 4.78 | < 0.001 |
| FM (kg) | 40.55 ± 13.36 | 34.28 ± 12.28 | − 15.71 ± 9.99 | < 0.001 |
| FFM (%) | 58.19 ± 7.23 | 61.93 ± 7.65 | 6.61 ± 6.23 | < 0.001 |
| FM (%) | 41.81 ± 7.23 | 38.07 ± 7.65 | − 9.06 ± 8.93 | < 0.001 |
| PhA (°) | 5.67 ± 0.89 | 6.07 ± 0.83 | 7.91 ± 13.22 | < 0.001 |
| Inflammatory parameters | ||||
| ahs-CRP levels (mg/L) | 3.45 ± 3.69 | 1.80 ± 2.32 | − 38.42 ± 41.88 | < 0.001 |
SD standard deviation, VLCKD very low-calorie ketogenic diet, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, BIA bioelectrical impedance analysis, R resistance, Xc reactance, FFM free fat mass, FM fat mass, PhA phase angle, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
*A p value in bold type denotes a significant difference (p < 0.05)
ahs-CRP levels were evaluated in a subgroup of 263 women