Table 3.
Single items of PSQI and PSQI categories of the study population at baseline and after 31 days of active stage of VLCKD
| Parameters of PSQI questionnaire | Baseline Mean ± SD n = 324 |
Day 31 of VLCKD Mean ± SD n = 324 |
*p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep quality | 1.29 ± 0.89 | 0.92 ± 0.80 | < 0.001 |
| Sleep onset latency | 1.16 ± 1.01 | 0.82 ± 0.91 | < 0.001 |
| Sleep duration | 1.24 ± 1.06 | 0.77 ± 0.91 | < 0.001 |
| Sleep efficiency | 0.99 ± 1.08 | 0.51 ± 0.79 | < 0.001 |
| Sleep disturbance | 1.37 ± 0.84 | 1.05 ± 0.65 | < 0.001 |
| Hypnotic drugs | 0.51 ± 1.02 | 0.18 ± 0.62 | < 0.001 |
| Daytime dysfunction | 1.17 ± 1.03 | 0.72 ± 0.80 | < 0.001 |
| PSQI categories | |||
| Good sleepers (n, %) | 139, 42.9% | 211, 65.1% | χ2 = 31.32 |
| Poor sleepers (n, %) | 185, 57.1% | 113, 34.9% | p < 0.001 |
PSQI Pittsburgh sleep quality index, SD standard deviation, VLCKD very low-calorie ketogenic diet
*A p value in bold type denotes a significant difference (p < 0.05)