Table 5.

The overall effect of whole egg consumption on body mass index (BMI) and by subgroups, using random-effects model

Study group	Number of studies	Number of participants	Meta-analysis			Heterogeneity
			WMD	95% CI	P effect	Q statistic	P within group	I2%	P between group
Country
USA	10	450	− 0.046	− 0.287, 0.194	0.707	90.08	0.000	90.0%	0.378
Other countries	3	120	0.087	− 0.694, 0.868	0.828	1.62	0.445	0.0%
Study design
Parallel	3	197	− 0.290	− 0.580, 0.001	0.051	50.00	0.000	96.0%	0.001>
Cross-over	10	373	0.177	− 0.096, 0.449	0.203	11.92	0.218	24.5%
Control group
Nothing	6	239	0.308	0.111, 0.505	0.002	4.43	0.490	0.0%	0.001>
Other foods or supplement	7	331	− 0.270	− 0.532, − 0.008	0.044	54.19	0.000	88.9%
Duration
Less than 12 weeks	11	493	− 0.148	− 0.374, 0.079	0.201	65.67	0.000	84.8%	0.001>
12 weeks and more	2	77	0.458	0.181, 0.735	0.001	0.06	0.813	0.0%
Health status
Healthy	6	330	− 0.286	− 0.538, − 0.035	0.026	51.15	0.000	90.2%	0.001>
Unhealthy	7	240	0.337	0.137, 0.538	0.001	5.28	0.508	0.0%
Dose of intervention
Less than 12 eggs per week	3	136	− 0.047	− 0.637, 0.544	0.877	0.03	0.984	0.0%	0.471
12 eggs per week and more	12	541	− 0.036	− 0.269, 0.197	0.762	92.40	0.000	88.1%
Energy intake differences
No	9	349	0.150	− 0.128, 0.428	0.290	10.87	0.209	26.4%	0.001>
Yes	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unclear	4	221	− 0.243	− 0.533, 0.047	0.100	52.88	0.000	94.3%
Calorie restriction
No	12	491	0.079	− 0.199, 0.356	0.579	27.06	0.005	59.3%	0.001>
Yes	1	79	− 0.440	− 0.499, − 0.381	0.000	0.00
Overall	13	570	− 0.035	− 0.265, 0.196	0.769	92.48	0.000	87.0%	-

WMD Weighted mean difference, CI Confidence interval