Table 2:

Univariable and multivariable models of the impact of disease activity states on overall damage accrual.

	Univariable model	Multivariable model
	Incidence Rate Ratio (95% CI)	Incidence Rate Ratio (95% CI)
Disease activity state
Remission off treatment	0.74 (0.69–0.80)	0.75 (0.70–0.81)
Remission on treatment	0.69 (0.63–0.76)	0.68 (0.62–0.75)
LDA-TC	0.76 (0.66–0.89)	0.79 (0.68–0.92)
mLLDAS	0.75 (0.64–0.89)	0.76 (0.65–0.89)
Male sex	1.62 (1.35–1.95)	1.29 (1.09–1.52)
Age at diagnosis	1.02 (1.02–1.02)	1.03 (1.02–1.03)
Ethnicity
White, US	Ref.	Ref.
White, other	1.08 (0.87–1.34)	1.05 (0.87–1.27)
Black	1.68 (1.36–2.08)	1.50 (1.23–1.83)
Asian	0.81 (0.64–1.04)	0.83 (0.66–1.05)
Hispanic	1.33 (1.09–1.62)	1.27 (1.04–1.55)
Other	1.06 (0.69–1.61)	1.10 (0.72–1.68)
Educational level, years	0.95 (0.92–0.98)	0.98 (0.95–1.01)
Disease duration at baseline	0.86 (0.71–1.04)	0.97 (0.80–1.16)
Antimalarial use	0.65 (0.56–0.74)	0.76 (0.65–0.87)
Highest prednisone dose before baseline	1.01 (1.01–1.01)	1.00 (1.00–1.01)
SDI before	1.12 (1.08–1.16)	1.03 (0.99–1.07)

LDA-TC: Low disease activity Toronto Cohort definition. mLLDAS: modified Lupus low disease activity state. SDI: SLICC/ACR: damage index.