Table 6.
Concentrations of ions in drinking water in Jenin Governorate of the West Bank compared to allowable limits of the PSI standards and the WHO guidelines.
| Physiochemical parameter | Range of measured values | Average ± standard deviation | PSI [73] standard limit | WHO [58] limit | Percentage of samples over MCLa of PSI (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrate (ppm) | 0–48 | 14.52 ± 11.54 | 70 | 50 | 0% |
| Nitrite (ppm) | 0–0.86 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | NA | 3 | N.A |
| Ammonia (ppm) | 0–2.63 | 0.17 ± 0.5 | NA | 1.5 | N.A |
| Sulfate (SO4) (ppm) | 1.30–52.94 | 22.67 ± 12 | 200 | 250 | 0% |
| Fluoride (F) (ppm) | 0.03–3.00 | 0.32 ± 0.05 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0% |
| Chloride (Cl) (ppm) | 13.73–380.05 | 96.36 ± 97 | 250 | 250 | 0% |
| Sodium (Na) (ppm) | 9.551–108 | 43.42 ± 24.45 | 200 | NA | 0% |
| Potassium (K) (ppm) | 0.384–7.481 | 3.00 ± 1.77 | 10 | NA | 0% |
| Calcium (Ca) (ppm) | 1.42–152.90 | 78.75 ± 40.20 | 100 | NA | 34.61% |
| Magnesium (Mg) (ppb) | 0.30–58.33 | 22.50 ± 15.84 | 100 | NA | 0% |
| Total hardness (ppm) | 105.6–549.84 | 329.42 ± 109.64 | 500 | 500 | 3.7% |
MCLa: maximum concentration limit according to PSI [73]; ∗NA: not available.