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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 18.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurosurg. 2022 Sep 16;138(5):1302–1312. doi: 10.3171/2022.7.JNS22585

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

Overview of patients and meningiomas and the four pre hoc planned comparisons. Analysis 1 compares the first (earliest presenting) grade III meningiomas (n = 51) with benign grade I meningiomas from controls (n = 51). Analysis 2 compares the first premalignant grade I meningioma (n = 9) with benign grade I meningioma from controls (n = 51). Analysis 3 comprises the first grade III meningioma from patients with primary grade III meningioma (n = 27) compared with the first grade III meningiomas from patients with secondary malignant meningiomas (n = 24). Analysis 4 is within patients with secondary grade III meningioma: the last premalignant tumor (grade I or II) compared with the first grade III meningioma within individual patients.