Table 3. Granger causality test results for omicron sub-variants.
| Null hypothesis: | Quarantine | Lags, wk | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 10 | |||||||
| F-statistic | P value | F-statistic | P value | F-statistic | P value | F-statistic | P value | F-statistic | P value | ||
| BA1O does not Granger-cause BA1N | 7 or 10 days | 1.475 | 0.243 | 36.505 | < 0.001** | 10.136 | 0.003** | 35.162 | < 0.001** | - | - |
| BA1N does not Granger-cause BA1O | 7 or 10 days | 6.331 | 0.024* | 1.013 | 0.392 | 1.382 | 0.310 | 20.333 | 0.001** | - | - |
| BA1.1O does not Granger-cause BA1.1N | 7 or 10 days | 9.273 | 0.008** | 9.420 | 0.003** | 11.707 | 0.002** | 2.070 | 0.203 | - | - |
| BA1.1N does not Granger-cause BA1.1O | 7 or 10 days | 3.740 | 0.072 | 1.834 | 0.202 | 2.352 | 0.140 | 0.723 | 0.607 | - | - |
| BA2O does not Granger-cause BA2N | 7 or 10 days | 0.005 | 0.946 | 3.612 | 0.059 | 1.772 | 0.222 | 6.072 | 0.026* | - | - |
| BA2N does not Granger-cause BA2O | 7 or 10 days | 0.101 | 0.755 | 0.580 | 0.575 | 0.406 | 0.752 | 0.189 | 0.936 | - | - |
| BA2.3O does not Granger-cause BA2.3N | 7 or 10 days | 0.135 | 0.718 | 0.044 | 0.957 | 19.401 | < 0.001** | - | - | - | - |
| BA2.3N does not Granger-cause BA2.3O | 7 or 10 days | 3.244 | 0.092 | 4.916 | 0.028* | 26.773 | < 0.001** | - | - | - | - |
| BA2.12.1O does not Granger-cause BA2.12.1N | Released | 0.275 | 0.615 | 0.361 | 0.714 | 0.440 | 0.749 | - | - | - | - |
| BA2.12.1N does not Granger-cause BA2.12.1O | Released | 0.314 | 0.591 | 0.156 | 0.859 | 0.144 | 0.925 | - | - | - | - |
| BA4O does not Granger-cause BA4N | Released | 13.425 | 0.006** | 6.223 | 0.044* | 0.799 | 0.598 | - | - | - | - |
| BA4N does not Granger-cause BA4O | Released | 5.891 | 0.041* | 5.719 | 0.050* | 2.103 | 0.338 | - | - | - | - |
| BA5O does not Granger-cause BA5N | Released | 0.767 | 0.407 | 56.658 | < 0.001** | 15.197 | 0.063 | - | - | - | - |
| BA5N does not Granger-cause BA5O | Released | 0.007 | 0.937 | 2.283 | 0.198 | 82.084 | 0.012* | - | - | - | - |
| BA2.75O does not Granger-cause BA2.75N | Released | 163.823 | < 0.001** | 52.584 | < 0.001** | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| BA2.75N does not Granger-cause BA2.75O | Released | 3.913 | 0.083 | 0.592 | 0.588 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
BA1O = omicron sub-variants (BA.1) from overseas entrants, BA1N = omicron sub-variants (BA.1) in national outbreaks, BA1.1O = omicron sub-variants (BA.1.1) from overseas entrants, BA1.1N = omicron sub-variants (BA.1.1) in national outbreaks, BA2O = omicron sub-variants (BA.2) from overseas entrants, BA2N = omicron sub-variants (BA.2) in national outbreaks, BA2.3O = omicron sub-variants (BA.2.3) from overseas entrants, BA2.3N = omicron sub-variants (BA.2.3) in national outbreaks, BA2.12.1O = omicron sub-variants (BA.2.12.1) from overseas entrants, BA2.12.1N = omicron sub-variants (BA.2.12.1) in national outbreaks, BA4O = omicron sub-variants (BA.4) from overseas entrants, BA4N = omicron sub-variants (BA.4) in national outbreaks, BA5O = omicron sub-variants (BA.5) from overseas entrants, BA5N = omicron sub-variants (BA.5) in national outbreaks, BA2.75O = omicron sub-variants (BA.2.75) from overseas entrants, BA2.75N = omicron sub-variants (BA.2.75) in national outbreaks.
*Indicates significance at P < 0.05; **Indicates significance at P < 0.01.