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. 2023 Jul 18;14:4294. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39762-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a UMAP showing the validation datasets (non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC)). b Heatmap showing the average marker gene expression of each identified cell type in the integrated validation dataset. c UMAP showing the final CAF classification of the validation cohort. d Bar chart showing the absolute numbers of all CAF types and pericytes as detected with unbiased clustering of the validation dataset and the respective proportions of each cell type per tumour type. e Feature plot showing the cellular expression levels of selected marker genes on the UMAP. f Heatmap showing the results of gene set enrichment analysis for all defined cell types. Boxes indicate the overlap of the top five enriched hallmark pathways between the integrated validation and breast cancer dataset.