Table 2.
Weighted prevalence of any DR and VTDR among Chinese adults with diabetes by demographic factors and diabetes duration
| Subpopulation | N | Any DR | VTDR | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | DR | DME | Total | Severe NPDR | PDR | CSME | ||
| Weighted number | 119,749,193 | 19,466,938 | 19,407,184 | 893,750 | 3,814,283 | 2,783,391 | 765,756 | 646,935 |
| Number | 50,564 | 8559 | 8529 | 431 | 1673 | 1245 | 295 | 311 |
| Total | 50,564 | 16.3 (15.3–17.2) | 16.2 (15.3–17.1) | 0.75 (0.64–0.86) | 3.2 (2.9–3.5) | 2.3 (2.1–2.6) | 0.64 (0.55–0.73) | 0.54 (0.45–0.63) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 25,116 | 16.6 (15.7–17.6) | 16.6 (15.6–17.5) | 0.72 (0.60–0.85) | 3.2 (2.9–3.5) | 2.5 (2.2–2.7) | 0.59 (0.49–0.69) | 0.53 (0.44–0.63) |
| Female | 25,448 | 15.8 (14.6–17.0) | 15.8 (14.6–17.0) | 0.77 (0.64–0.90) | 3.1 (2.7–3.5) | 2.2 (1.9–2.5) | 0.70 (0.52–0.88) | 0.55 (0.44–0.66) |
| p for differencea | 0.1449 | 0.6856 | ||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| 18- < 45 y | 7031 | 12.9 (11.1–14.6) | 12.8 (11.1–14.6) | 0.39 (0.27–0.52) | 2.7 (2.0–3.3) | 1.7 (1.2–2.2) | 0.89 (0.59–1.18) | 0.25 (0.15–0.35) |
| 45- < 60 y | 22,880 | 18.0 (16.8–19.2) | 18.0 (16.8–19.1) | 0.89 (0.72–1.06) | 3.6 (3.3–3.9) | 2.7 (2.4–3.0) | 0.62 (0.52–0.73) | 0.69 (0.55–0.84) |
| ≥60 y | 20,653 | 17.3 (16.2–18.3) | 17.2 (16.2–18.2) | 0.90 (0.74–1.05) | 3.2 (2.8–3.5) | 2.4 (2.2–2.7) | 0.43 (0.35–0.52) | 0.63 (0.49–0.76) |
| p for linear trendb | <0.0001 | 0.2081 | ||||||
| Geographical regionc | ||||||||
| South | 25,702 | 14.4 (13.3–15.5) | 14.3 (13.2–15.4) | 0.57 (0.41–0.73) | 2.5 (2.2–2.8) | 1.8 (1.6–2.1) | 0.52 (0.42–0.62) | 0.39 (0.27–0.51) |
| North | 24,862 | 18.1 (16.6–19.6) | 18.0 (16.5–19.5) | 0.92 (0.77–1.07) | 3.8 (3.4–4.3) | 2.8 (2.4–3.2) | 0.76 (0.61–0.90) | 0.68 (0.57–0.80) |
| p for differencea | 0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Setting | ||||||||
| Rural | 23,639 | 16.9 (15.4–18.3) | 16.8 (15.3–18.3) | 0.76 (0.57–0.95) | 3.2 (2.8–3.6) | 2.3 (2.0–2.7) | 0.60 (0.51–0.70) | 0.57 (0.42–0.71) |
| Urban | 26,925 | 15.5 (13.8–17.2) | 15.4 (13.8–17.1) | 0.73 (0.58–0.88) | 3.2 (2.7–3.7) | 2.3 (1.9–2.8) | 0.69 (0.52–0.85) | 0.51 (0.40–0.62) |
| p for differencea | 0.2933 | 0.9231 | ||||||
| Diabetes duration | ||||||||
| <1 y | 4610 | 8.2 (6.7–9.7) | 8.1 (6.6–9.6) | 0.25 (0.11–0.38) | 1.24 (0.49–2.00) | 0.99 (0.26–1.72) | 0.24 (0.09–0.38) | 0.17 (0.05–0.30) |
| 1- < 10 y | 33,003 | 13.5 (12.6–14.4) | 13.4 (12.5–14.4) | 0.54 (0.44–0.63) | 2.1 (1.8–2.4) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 0.45 (0.32–0.58) | 0.38 (0.30–0.45) |
| 10- < 20 y | 11,143 | 27.1 (25.4–28.9) | 27.1 (25.4–28.8) | 1.6 (1.2–1.9) | 6.3 (5.6–7.0) | 4.7 (4.1–5.3) | 1.18 (0.97–1.40) | 1.15 (0.91–1.39) |
| ≥20 y | 1808 | 38.6 (35.8–41.4) | 38.5 (35.7–41.3) | 2.1 (1.5–2.7) | 13.8 (11.9–15.6) | 10.0 (8.3–11.7) | 2.9 (2.2–3.7) | 1.6 (1.1–2.1) |
| p for linear trendb | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||
Any DR any diabetic retinopathy. DME diabetic macular edema. VTDR vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy. NPDR non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. PDR proliferative diabetic retinopathy. CSME clinically significant macular edema. HbA1c hemoglobin A1c. BP blood pressure. LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Data were presented as weighted percentage (95% confidence interval), which were weighted by the sex-, age-, and rural/urban structure of adults with diabetes aged 18–74 years in China in 2018 from the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance system.
ap for difference was calculated using the two-sided Rao-Scott Chi-Square test.
bp for linear trend was evaluated using a logistic regression model (for two-sided test) with median values of each category to represent their levels.
cThe Northern region includes Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang; the Southern region includes Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Tibet.
Source data are provided as a Source Data file.