Table 1.
Characteristics of pancreatic cancer cases and matched controls at the time of prediagnosis CT imaging
| Characteristica | Cases (N = 714) | Controls (N = 1748) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yearsb | 67.1 (10.2) | 66.8 (10.3) | 0.49 |
| Year of CT scanb | 0.39 | ||
| 2003–2010 | 314 (44) | 736 (42) | |
| 2011–2017 | 400 (56) | 1012 (58) | |
| Intravenous contrast with CT imagingb | 563 (79) | 1409 (81) | 0.32 |
| Femaleb | 340 (48) | 827 (47) | 0.89 |
| Raceb | 0.63 | ||
| White | 659 (92) | 1603 (92) | |
| Black | 55 (8) | 145 (8) | |
| Study siteb | 0.53 | ||
| DFCI/MGB | 228 (32) | 581 (33) | |
| KPNC | 486 (68) | 1167 (67) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2c | 29.3 (6.1) | 28.9 (6.5) | 0.11 |
| Diabetes | 193 (27) | 368 (21) | 0.001 |
| Cigarette Smoking | <0.0001 | ||
| Never | 276 (39) | 772 (44) | |
| Past | 242 (34) | 674 (39) | |
| Current | 119 (17) | 199 (11) | |
| Unknown | 77 (11) | 103 (6) | |
| History of alcohol use | 0.44 | ||
| No/Unknown | 638 (89) | 1591 (91) | |
| Yes | 76 (11) | 157 (9) | |
| Prior personal history of cancer | 109 (15) | 177 (10) | 0.0003 |
| Time from prior cancer to prediagnosis scan, years | 12.7 (7.8) | 11.0 (6.6) | 0.06 |
| Indication for CT imaging | |||
| Symptoms/suspected conditions of the GI system | 108 (15) | 189 (11) | 0.003 |
| Symptoms/suspected conditions unrelated to the GI system | 164 (23) | 548 (31) | <0.0001 |
| Systemic symptoms | 65 (9) | 160 (9) | 0.97 |
| New-onset diabetes | 4 (1) | 6 (0.3) | 0.44 |
| Pain | 365 (51) | 922 (53) | 0.46 |
| Other/unknown | 190 (27) | 361 (21) | 0.001 |
| Age at pancreatic cancer diagnosis, years | 69.4 (10.3) | NA | NA |
| Pancreatic cancer diagnosis period | NA | ||
| 2004–2008 | 108 (15) | NA | |
| 2009–2013 | 281 (39) | NA | |
| 2014–2018 | 325 (46) | NA | |
| Pancreatic cancer stage at diagnosis | NA | ||
| Non-metastatic | 370 (52) | ||
| Metastatic | 326 (46) | NA | |
| Unknown | 18 (3) | NA | |
| Mean time from prediagnosis CT imaging to pathological diagnosis, months | 22.7 (17.2) | NA | NA |
| Mean time from at-diagnosis CT imaging to pathological diagnosis, daysd | 10 (14) | NA | NA |
P values were calculated using chi-square tests for categorical, and two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables.
CT computed tomography, DFCI/MGB Dana–Farber Cancer Institute/Mass General Brigham, GI gastrointestinal, KPNC Kaiser Permanente Northern California, NA not applicable.
aCharacteristics obtained at the time of the prediagnosis CT imaging study in cases and matched controls. Mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables and N (%) for categorical variables, unless noted otherwise.
bMatching factors.
cAmong 518 cases and 1628 matched controls with available body mass index at the time of prediagnosis CT imaging.
dAmong 529 cases with available at-diagnosis CT imaging.