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. 2023 Jan 20;209(4):467–488. doi: 10.1007/s00359-022-01611-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Olfactory navigation circuits within the central complex. The fan-shaped body has been proposed to integrate odor and wind direction signals to generate a goal-direction signal for navigation. a Compass neurons (EPGs, gray) carry a multimodal representation of heading and provide input to the fan-shaped body (FB) through the protocerebral bridge (PB). Columnar inputs to the fan-shaped body (PFNs, blue) receive heading input from the PB and airflow information from the noduli (NO). Tangential inputs to the fan-shaped body (red) carry non-directional odor information. Local neurons (h∆C, purple) receive input from both columnar neurons and tangential neurons and show odor-gated wind-direction tuned signals. b PFL3 neurons (green) receive phase-shifted heading information from the PB and indirect input from local neurons. They are proposed to control steering through their outputs to the LAL. c FB circuits integrate odor, airflow, and heading representation to direct navigation.

(Adapted from Hulse et al. 2021; Lyu et al. 2022; Lu et al. 2022; Currier et al. 2020; Matheson et al. 2022.)