ESICM guidelines on acute respiratory distress syndrome: definition, phenotyping and respiratory support strategies

. 2023 Jun 16;49(7):727–759. doi: 10.1007/s00134-023-07050-7

Recommendation 4.1
We are unable to make a recommendation for or against the use of CPAP/NIV compared to conventional oxygen therapy for the treatment of AHRF (not related to cardiogenic pulmonary edema or acute exacerbation of COPD) to reduce mortality or to prevent intubation. No recommendation; high level of evidence for mortality, moderate level of evidence for intubation.
We suggest the use of CPAP over conventional oxygen therapy to reduce the risk of intubation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Weak recommendation; low level of evidence in favor.
In this population, we are unable to make a recommendation for or against the use of CPAP over conventional oxygen therapy to reduce mortality. No recommendation; moderate level of evidence of no effect.

Recommendation 4.1

We are unable to make a recommendation for or against the use of CPAP/NIV compared to conventional oxygen therapy for the treatment of AHRF (not related to cardiogenic pulmonary edema or acute exacerbation of COPD) to reduce mortality or to prevent intubation.

No recommendation; high level of evidence for mortality, moderate level of evidence for intubation.

We suggest the use of CPAP over conventional oxygen therapy to reduce the risk of intubation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19.

Weak recommendation; low level of evidence in favor.

In this population, we are unable to make a recommendation for or against the use of CPAP over conventional oxygen therapy to reduce mortality.

No recommendation; moderate level of evidence of no effect.