Table 3:
Characteristics associated with past 30-day PDM without alcohol co-ingestion1
| Any PDM | Opioid Misuse | Tranquilizer Misuse | Stimulant Misuse | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Youth Experiences | ||||||||
| Parental Support | 0.79*** | (0.70, 0.88) | 0.85* | (0.72, 0.99) | 0.83 | (0.65, 1.05) | 0.78* | (0.63, 0.95) |
| Parental Conflict | 1.15** | (1.06, 1.25) | 1.22** | (1.08, 1.35) | 1.04 | (0.88, 1.22) | 0.99 | (0.86, 1.13) |
| Parents Disapprove Alcohol | 0.64** | (0.45, 0.88) | 0.55** | (0.36, 0.84) | 0.58* | (0.36, 0.92) | 1.30 | (0.82, 2.05) |
| Conventional Activities | 1.03 | (0.99, 1.07) | 1.03 | (0.98, 1.08) | 0.99 | (0.91, 1.06) | 1.12*** | (1.05, 1.17) |
| Religiosity | 0.95 | (0.80, 1.11) | 0.96 | (0.80, 1.15) | 0.86 | (0.66, 1.14) | 0.84 | (0.62, 1.14) |
| Social Support | 0.69* | (0.49, 0.96) | 0.65 | (0.42, 1.01) | 0.98 | (0.54, 1.76) | 0.62 | (0.34, 1.12) |
| In School, low risk (ref.) | ||||||||
| In School, at risk | 1.12 | (0.87, 1.43) | 1.30 | (0.94, 1.79) | 1.29 | (0.81, 2.04) | 1.17 | (0.77, 1.77) |
| Not in School | 0.90 | (0.74, 1.08) | 0.90 | (0.44, 1.81) | 0.83 | (0.31, 2.21) | 0.81 | (0.23, 2.73) |
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age | 1.03 | (0.96, 1.11) | 0.96 | (0.84, 1.01) | 1.16* | (1.00, 1.32) | 1.11 | (0.97, 1.26) |
| Sex (male) | 0.90 | (0.74, 1.08) | 0.74* | (0.55, 0.98) | 1.08 | (0.68, 1.71) | 1.75** | (1.09, 2.81) |
| White (ref.) | ||||||||
| Black | 1.45* | (1.01, 2.06) | 2.09*** | (1.47, 2.97) | 1.26 | (0.60, 2.65) | 0.33** | (0.14, 0.74) |
| Hispanic | 1.43* | (1.03, 1.97) | 1.75** | (1.19, 2.56) | 1.33 | (0.75, 2.35) | 0.87 | (0.48, 1.56) |
| Other | 1.08 | (0.75, 1.53) | 1.13 | (0.75, 1.69) | 1.23 | (0.56, 2.71) | 1.05 | (0.59, 1.87) |
| Family Income | 1.10 | (0.98, 1.23) | 1.03 | (0.89, 1.19) | 1.15 | (0.93, 1.41) | 1.19 | (0.97, 1.46) |
| CBSA > 1 million (ref.) | ||||||||
| CBSA < 1 million | 1.26* | (1.05, 1.50) | 1.32 | (0.97, 1.80) | 1.08 | (0.73, 1.58) | 1.16 | (0.82, 1.64) |
| Not in a CBSA | 1.02 | (0.62, 1.69) | 1.43 | (0.78, 2.62) | 0.81 | (0.32, 2.04) | 0.60 | (0.22, 1.59) |
| Health | ||||||||
| No ER visits (ref.) | ||||||||
| 1 ER visit | 0.91 | (0.65, 1.24) | 0.96 | (0.65, 1.42) | 1.03 | (0.60, 1.72) | 0.76 | (0.48, 1.19) |
| 2+ ER Visits | 1.84*** | (1.45, 2.32) | 1.98*** | (1.44, 2.71) | 1.59 | (0.99, 2.52) | 1.39 | (0.82, 2.34) |
| Major Depression | 1.95*** | (1.58, 2.40) | 2.11*** | (1.57, 2.83) | 1.52 | (0.92, 2.73) | 2.13*** | (1.42, 3.17) |
| Self-rated Health (fair/poor) | 0.96 | (0.63, 1.43) | 1.07 | (0.64, 1.79) | 1.08 | (0.57, 2.03) | 0.65 | (0.29, 1.44) |
| Substance Use Behaviors | ||||||||
| Tobacco Use | 2.57*** | (1.97, 3.33) | 2.32*** | (1.53, 3.50) | 2.56*** | (1.65, 3.94) | 2.79*** | (1.64, 4.74) |
| Marijuana Use | 3.68*** | (2.65, 5.11) | 2.58*** | (1.73, 3.83) | 4.75*** | (2.92, 7.72) | 7.31*** | (3.79, 14.09) |
| Other Illegal Drug Use | 6.00*** | (4.61, 7.80) | 3.82*** | (2.75, 5.30) | 8.09*** | (5.29, 12.38) | 6.26*** | (3.91, 10.00) |
1.
Multinomial logistic regression with no PDM as reference category with relative risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Due to low prevalence of co-ingestion, prescription sedative misuse is not included in the analysis. All models include a control for survey year
(* p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001).