Table 4:
Characteristics associated with lifetime or past-year PDM1
| Any PDM | Opioid Misuse | Tranquilizer Misuse | Stimulant Misuse | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Youth Experiences | ||||||||
| Parental Support | 0.94* | (0.90, 0.98) | 0.91** | (0.85, 0.96) | 0.98 | (0.91, 1.06) | 0.98 | (0.88, 1.09) |
| Parental Conflict | 1.13*** | (1.08, 1.18) | 1.10*** | (1.05, 1.15) | 1.18*** | (1.12, 1.25) | 1.25*** | (1.17, 1.34) |
| Parents Disapprove Alcohol | 0.77*** | (0.68, 0.87) | 0.69*** | (0.61, 0.77) | 0.90 | (0.73, 1.10) | 1.02 | (0.79, 1.32) |
| Conventional Activities | 1.01 | (0.99, 1.02) | 1.02* | (1.00, 1.03) | 0.98 | (0.96, 1.00) | 1.01 | (0.97, 1.03) |
| Religiosity | 0.95* | (0.90, 0.99) | 0.98 | (0.92, 1.04) | 0.95 | (0.86, 1.05) | 0.95 | (0.86, 1.05) |
| Social Support | 0.92 | (0.77, 1.08) | 0.93 | (0.74, 1.15) | 1.13 | (0.88, 1.44) | 1.01 | (0.74, 1.37) |
| In School, low risk (ref.) | ||||||||
| In School, at risk | 1.17* | (1.02, 1.33) | 1.14* | (1.00, 1.29) | 1.31** | (1.07, 1.59) | 0.78 | (0.59, 1.02) |
| Not in School | 0.89 | (0.69, 1.12) | 0.86 | (0.66, 1.11) | 1.03 | 0.69, 1.51) | 0.86 | (0.46, 1.58) |
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age | 1.03* | (1.00, 1.33) | 1.01 | (0.97, 1.03) | 0.94* | (0.89, 0.98) | 1.12*** | (1.04, 1.19) |
| Sex (male) | 0.97 | (0.88, 1.06) | 0.93 | (0.83, 1.03) | 0.94 | (0.80, 1.09) | 1.49*** | (1.25, 1.77) |
| White (ref.) | ||||||||
| Black | 1.06 | (0.92, 1.22) | 1.21* | (1.03, 1.41) | 0.63** | (0.46, 0.86) | 0.49*** | (0.35, 0.66) |
| Hispanic | 1.02 | (0.89, 1.16) | 1.12 | (0.97, 1.28) | 1.01 | (0.84, 1.21) | 0.82 | (0.63, 1.04) |
| Other | 0.92 | (0.77, 1.08) | 0.84 | (0.69, 1.02) | 0.98 | (0.73, 1.31) | 0.86 | (0.68, 1.08) |
| Family Income | 1.03 | (0.98, 1.07) | 1.02 | (0.96, 1.08) | 1.03 | (0.96, 1.10) | 1.07* | (1.01, 1.14) |
| CBSA > 1 million (ref.) | ||||||||
| CBSA < 1 million | 0.99 | (0.90, 1.08) | 1.02 | (0.92, 1.12) | 0.98 | (0.83, 1.17) | 0.93 | (0.83, 1.31) |
| Not in a CBSA | 0.90 | (0.78, 1.04) | 0.95 | (0.78, 1.16) | 0.83 | (0.58, 1.19) | 0.78 | (0.89, 1.43) |
| Health | ||||||||
| No ER visits (ref.) | ||||||||
| 1 ER visit | 1.11 | (0.98, 1.24) | 1.18* | (1.02, 1.35) | 1.14 | (0.91, 1.41) | 1.07 | (0.87, 1.31) |
| 2+ ER Visits | 1.33*** | (1.19, 1.47) | 1.41*** | (1.23, 1.59) | 1.32** | (1.10, 1.57) | 1.13 | (0.89, 1.43) |
| Major Depression | 1.38*** | (1.22, 1.55) | 1.27** | (1.11, 1.45) | 1.34*** | (1.15, 1.56) | 1.73*** | (1.44, 2.07) |
| Self-rated Health (fair/poor) | 1.20 | (0.97, 1.48) | 1.15 | (0.89, 1.48) | 1.10 | (0.80, 1.50) | 1.36 | (0.98, 1.85) |
| Substance Use Behaviors | ||||||||
| Tobacco Use | 1.74*** | (1.53, 1.98) | 1.54*** | (1.34, 1.75) | 2.18*** | (1.84, 2.58) | 2.18*** | (1.78, 2.66) |
| Marijuana Use | 2.29*** | (2.03, 2.57) | 1.96*** | (1.67, 2.29) | 2.99*** | (2.47, 3.61) | 3.57*** | (2.88, 4.42) |
| Other Illegal Drug Use | 3.08*** | (2.69, 3.53) | 2.97*** | (2.64, 3.35) | 4.18*** | (3.46, 5.06) | 4.54*** | (3.68, 5.58) |
1.
Multinomial logistic regression with no PDM as reference category with relative risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Due to low prevalence of co-ingestion, prescription sedative misuse is not included in the analysis. All models include a control for survey year
(* p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001).