Table 4.
Study results, stratified by intervention type
| Study | Participants Living with HIV | ART Status | Intervention | Verified (V) v. Self-Report (SR) Outcomes | Initiation-related outcomes | Early retention-related outcomes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Total | Outcome Definition | Time Frame | Intervention | Comparison | Outcome Definition | Time Frame | Intervention | Comparison | ||||
| Facility-based Services | |||||||||||||
| Ahmed, 2020 | 468 | 988 | Newly diagnosed, initiated ART | Same-day ART initiation | V | <30 days late for clinic visit | 6 months | 77% | 88% | ||||
| Rosen, 2019 | 422 | 1077 | Not on ART | Algorithm for same-day initiation (excl. TB symptoms) | V | ART initiation | 1 month | 85%* | 74% | Clinic visit | 5–8 months | 51% | 54% |
| Maskew, 2020 | 220 | 593 | Not on ART | Algorithm for same-day initiation (allowing TB symptoms) | V | ART initiation | 1 month | 90%* | 66% | Clinic visit | 5–8 months | 76%* | 63% |
| Community-based Services | |||||||||||||
| Labhardt, 2018 | 47 | 137 | Not on ART | Home-based HCT + ART initiation | SR | Linkage-to-care | 3 months | 66%* | 34% | ||||
| Katbi, 2019 | 239 | 302 | Previously declined ART | Home-based ART initiation with ongoing support | V | ART initiation + 4-week facility visit | Unspecified | 58% | |||||
| Mwango, 2020 | 2272 | 5714 | Newly diagnosed | Community-based HCT + ART initiation + ongoing peer support | V | Linkage-to-care | Unspecified | 97% | |||||
| Maina, 2019 | 2519 | 3415 | Newly diagnosed | Home- and mobile-based HCT + ART initiation | V | ART initiation | Unspecified | 92% | |||||
| Outreach | |||||||||||||
| Grasso, 2021 | 206 | 510 | Not on ART | Home-based HCT + follow-up visits | SR | ART initiation | Unspecified | 94% | |||||
| Choi, 2019 | 33 | 48† | Not on ART | Community-based HCT + facility escort | V | ART initiation | Unspecified | 45% | |||||
| Mwango, 2020 | 2186 | 5260 | Newly diagnosed | Home-based ICT + facility escort + follow-up visit | V | Linkage-to-care | Unspecified | 88% | |||||
| Baisley, 2019 | 120† | 427 | Newly diagnosed | Home-based HCT + SMS + phone follow-up | V | ART initiation | 6 months | 27%b | |||||
| Counseling/Peer Support | |||||||||||||
| MacKellar, 2018 ‡ | 310 | 752 | Not on ART | Peer-counseling + case management | V | ART initiation | 3 months | 85% | |||||
| MacKellar, 2021 ‡ | 438 | 824 | Not on ART | Mobile HCT + peer-counseling + case management | V | ART initiation | 1 month | 96% | |||||
| Malone, 2021 | 3010 | 3010 | Not on ART | Peer-counseling + case management | SR | Retained in care | Unspecified | 95% | |||||
| Conditional Incentives | |||||||||||||
| Fahey, 2020 § | 200 | 330 | Initiated or re-initiated ART in past 30 days | Conditional incentives of 4.50 USD (6 total) | V | Retained in care | 6 months | 88% | 84% | ||||
| Conditional incentives of 10.00 USD (6 total) | V | Retained in care | 6 months | 91%* | 84% | ||||||||
| Barnabas, 2020 | 131 | 131 | Not on ART | 3 Conditional non-monetary lottery incentives | V | ART initiation | 6 months | 93% | 76% | Viral suppression | 6 months | 66% | 59% |
The authors used associated documents (e.g. published study protocols, unpublished reports) relevant to these source documents if insufficient detail was provided in the publication itself.
*
P ≤ 0.05
†
Calculated by authors
‡
Post-universal treatment data only
§
Findings are for both men and women, article methods or results stated that there were no significant differences in outcomes by sex.