Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics on admission.
| All patients (n = 1,567) |
Patients without pre-existing cardiovascular disease (n = 1,169) | Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (n = 398) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Mean age (SD), yr | 60.7 (20.5) | 55.4 (19.6) | 76.2 (14.6) | <0.001 |
| Male, no. (%) | 837 (53.4) | 609 (52.1) | 228 (57.3) | 0.073 |
| Healthcare worker, no. (%) | 62 (4.0) | 57 (4.9) | 5 (1.3) | 0.001 |
| Nursing home resident, no. (%) | 137 (8.7) | 56 (4.8) | 81 (20.4) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Hypertension, no (%) | 686 (43.8) | 400 (34.2) | 286 (71.9) | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, no. (%) | 448 (28.6) | 256 (21.9) | 192 (48.2) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, no. (%) | 372 (23.7) | 231 (19.8) | 141 (35.4) | <0.001 |
| Current or recent smoker (<1 year), no. (%) | 127 (8.1) | 100 (8.6) | 27 (6.8) | 0.264 |
| Chronic kidney disease (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2), no. (%) | 126 (8.0) | 50 (4.3) | 76 (19.1) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Coronary artery disease, no. (%) | 174 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 174 (43.7) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure or cardiomyopathy, no. (%) | 106 (6.8) | 0 (0.0) | 106 (26.6) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter, no. (%) | 162 (10.3) | 0 (0.0) | 162 (40.7) | <0.001 |
| Severe valvular disease, no. (%) | 40 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 40 (10.1) | <0.001 |
| Stroke or transient ischemic attack, no. (%) | 93 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 93 (23.4) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease, no. (%) | 21 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 21 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Vaccination status a | ||||
| Unvaccinated | 199 (25.8) | 164 (29.3) | 35 (16.7) | <0.001 |
| 1 dose, no. (%) | 101 (13.1) | 76 (13.6) | 25 (11.9) | 0.529 |
| 2 doses, no. (%) | 199 (25.8) | 125 (22.3) | 74 (35.2) | <0.001 |
| 3 doses, no. (%) | 36 (4.7) | 21 (3.8) | 15 (7.1) | 0.049 |
| Unknown, no. (%) | 234 (30.4) | 172 (31.1) | 61 (29.0) | 0.631 |
| Medications b | ||||
| Aspirin, no. (%) | 219 (15.5) | 86 (8.3) | 133 (35.1) | <0.001 |
| P2Y12 inhibitor, no. (%) | 55 (3.9) | 8 (0.8) | 47 (12.4) | <0.001 |
| Warfarin, no. (%) | 18 (1.3) | 3 (0.3) | 15 (4.0) | <0.001 |
| Novel oral anticoagulants, no. (%) | 118 (8.3) | 16 (1.5) | 102 (26.9) | <0.001 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, no. (%) | 188 (13.3) | 105 (10.1) | 83 (21.9) | <0.001 |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker, no. (%) | 270 (19.1) | 181 (17.5) | 89 (23.5) | 0.011 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, no. (%) | 44 (3.1) | 10 (1.0) | 34 (9.0) | <0.001 |
| Loop diuretic, no. (%) | 144 (10.2) | 35 (3.4) | 109 (28.8) | <0.001 |
| Thiazide diuretic, no. (%) | 86 (6.1) | 57 (5.5) | 29 (7.7) | 0.135 |
| Beta blocker, no. (%) | 254 (18.0) | 69 (6.7) | 185 (48.8) | <0.001 |
| Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, no. (%) | 16 (1.1) | 7 (0.7) | 9 (2.4) | 0.007 |
| Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, no. (%) | 197 (13.9) | 130 (12.6) | 67 (17.7) | 0.014 |
| Nitrates, no. (%) | 32 (2.3) | 3 (0.3) | 29 (7.7) | <0.001 |
a
For patients in each group with described vaccination status.
b
For “All patients”, missing data for 153 patients (9.8%). For “Patients without cardiovascular disease”, missing data for 134 patients (11.5%). For “Patients with cardiovascular disease”, missing data for 19 patients (4.8%).