Table 1. Baseline characteristics of aSAH patients.
| Characteristic | All (n=343) | Male (n=125) | Female (n=218) | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic factors | |||||||
| Female sex, n (%) | 218 | (63.6) | n.a. | (n.a.) | 218 | (63.6) | n.a. |
| Age, mean (SD) | 57.4 | (13.3) | 54.4 | (11.6) | 59.2 | (13.8) | <0.01 |
| CCI, median (IQR) | 0 | (0-2) | 0 | (0-2) | 0 | (0-1.3) | 0.85 |
| WLST, n (%) | 39 | (11.4) | 11 | (8.8) | 28 | (12.8) | 0.29 |
| GOSE at 3 months, n (%) | |||||||
| 1 | 60 | (17.8) | 17 | (13.8) | 43 | (20.0) | <0.01 |
| 2 | 12 | (3.6) | 3 | (2.4) | 9 | (4.2) | |
| 3 | 53 | (15.7) | 21 | (17.1) | 32 | (14.9) | |
| 4 | 33 | (9.8) | 7 | (5.7) | 26 | (12.1) | |
| 5 | 45 | (13.3) | 22 | (17.9) | 23 | (10.7) | |
| 6 | 39 | (11.5) | 22 | (17.9) | 17 | (7.9) | |
| 7 | 54 | (16.0) | 13 | (10.6) | 41 | (19.1) | |
| 8 | 42 | (12.4) | 18 | (14.6) | 24 | (11.2) | |
| Imaging | |||||||
| Aneurysm location, n (%) | |||||||
| Anterior circulation | 217 | (79.0) | 102 | (81.6) | 169 | (77.5) | 0.41 |
| ICA | 27 | (7.9) | 9 | (7.2) | 18 | (8.3) | 0.73 |
| MCA | 85 | (24.8) | 28 | (22.4) | 57 | (26.1) | 0.44 |
| AComA | 106 | (30.9) | 54 | (43.2) | 52 | (23.9) | <0.001 |
| ACA | 6 | (1.7) | 1 | (0.8) | 5 | (2.3) | 0.31 |
| VA | 11 | (3.2) | 5 | (4) | 6 | (2.8) | 0.53 |
| PCA | 4 | (1.2) | 1 | (0.8) | 3 | (1.4) | 0.63 |
| PComA | 53 | (15.5) | 11 | (8.8) | 42 | (19.3) | <0.01 |
| BA | 18 | (5.2) | 6 | (4.8) | 12 | (5.5) | 0.78 |
| PICA | 18 | (5.2) | 5 | (4) | 13 | (6.0) | 0.43 |
| Fisher scale, n (%) | |||||||
| 1 | 13 | (3.8) | 4 | (3.2) | 9 | (4.1) | 0.86 |
| 2 | 24 | (7.0) | 8 | (6.4) | 16 | (7.4) | |
| 3 | 143 | (41.8) | 56 | (44.8) | 87 | (40.1) | |
| 4 | 162 | (47.4) | 57 | (45.6) | 105 | (48.4) | |
| ICH | 95 | (27.7) | 37 | (29.6) | 58 | (26.6) | 0.62 |
| SDH | 33 | (9.6) | 17 | (13.6) | 16 | (7.3) | 0.09 |
| Hydrocephalus | 179 | (52.2) | 65 | (52) | 114 | (52.3) | 1 |
| IVH | 241 | (70.5) | 87 | (69.6) | 154 | (71) | 0.81 |
| Basal cisterns involved | 218 | (63.7) | 82 | (65.6) | 136 | (62.7) | 0.64 |
| Symptoms at Onset, n (%) | |||||||
| Initial GCS, median (IQR) | 14 | (8-15) | 14 | (8-15) | 14 | (8-15) | 1 |
| GCS on admission, median (IQR) | 14 | (3-15) | 14 | (3-15) | 14 | (3-15) | 0.7 |
| Decrease in vigilance | 216 | (63.0) | 78 | (62.4) | 138 | (63.3) | 0.91 |
| Loss of consciousness | 160 | (46.6) | 58 | (46.4) | 102 | (46.8) | 1 |
| WFNS grade, n (%) | |||||||
| 1 | 116 | (33.8) | 38 | (30.4) | 78 | (35.8) | 0.64 |
| 2 | 71 | (20.7) | 28 | (22.4) | 43 | (19.7) | |
| 3 | 13 | (3.8) | 3 | (2.4) | 10 | (4.6) | |
| 4 | 68 | (19.8) | 28 | (22.4) | 40 | (18.3) | |
| 5 | 75 | (21.9) | 28 | (22.4) | 47 | (21.6) | |
| Headache | 239 | (69.7) | 82 | (65.6) | 157 | (72.0) | 1 |
| Acute onset headache | 192 | (56.0) | 68 | (54.4) | 124 | (56.9) | 0.40 |
| Not acute headache | 47 | (13.7) | 13 | (10.4) | 34 | (15.6) | 0.40 |
| Persistent headache | 82 | (23.9) | 27 | (21.6) | 55 | (25.2) | 0.89 |
| Duration of headache in days | 4.13 | (7.0) | 2.91 | (3.0) | 4.75 | (8.3) | 0.12 |
| Nuchal pain | 53 | (15.5) | 18 | (14.4) | 35 | (16.1) | 1 |
| Exercise-induced headache | 24 | (7.0) | 13 | (10.4) | 11 | (5.0) | <0.05 |
| Sexual activity-induced headache | 8 | (2.3) | 4 | (3.2) | 4 | (1.8) | 0.45 |
| Defecation-induced headache | 5 | (1.5) | 1 | (0.8) | 4 | (1.8) | 0.67 |
| Meningism | 54 | (15.7) | 14 | (11.2) | 40 | (18.3) | 0.27 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 188 | (54.8) | 65 | (52.0) | 123 | (56.4) | 0.49 |
| Observed seizure | 46 | (13.4) | 19 | (15.2) | 27 | (12.4) | 0.51 |
| Possible seizure | 108 | (31.5) | 39 | (31.2) | 69 | (31.7) | 1 |
| Seizure * | 148 | (43.1) | 55 | (44.0) | 93 | (42.7) | 0.82 |
| Focal neurological deficit | 73 | (21.3) | 21 | (16.8) | 52 | (23.9) | 0.25 |
| Anisocoria | 34 | (9.9) | 8 | (6.4) | 26 | (11.9) | 0.13 |
| Pupils not reactive to light | 29 | (8.5) | 9 | (7.2) | 20 | (9.2) | 0.56 |
| Diplopia | 12 | (3.5) | 5 | (4.0) | 7 | (3.2) | 0.54 |
| Oculomotor disorder | 16 | (4.7) | 5 | (4.0) | 11 | (5.0) | 1 |
| Blurred vision | 7 | (2.0) | 2 | (1.6) | 5 | (2.3) | 1 |
| Vertigo | 30 | (8.7) | 13 | (10.4) | 17 | (7.8) | 0.22 |
| Confusion | 87 | (25.4) | 31 | (24.8) | 56 | (25.7) | 0.67 |
| Aphasia | 18 | (5.2) | 6 | (4.8) | 12 | (5.5) | 1 |
| Dysarthria | 22 | (6.4) | 8 | (6.4) | 14 | (6.4) | 0.81 |
| Hemisyndrome/motor deficit | 38 | (11.1) | 12 | (9.6) | 26 | (11.9) | 0.85 |
| Dys-/hyp-/paresthesia | 10 | (2.9) | 4 | (3.2) | 6 | (2.8) | 0.74 |
| Facial paresis | 16 | (4.7) | 5 | (4) | 11 | (5) | 0.80 |
| Neglect | 2 | (0.6) | 1 | (0.8) | 1 | (0.5) | 1 |
| Cardiac arrest | 12 | (3.5) | 4 | (3.2) | 8 | (3.7) | 1 |
| Hypertensive crisis ** | 57 | (16.6) | 20 | (16) | 37 | (17) | 0.88 |
| Ear pressure/pain | 2 | (0.6) | 0 | (0) | 2 | (0.9) | 0.55 |
| Abdominal pain | 7 | (2) | 2 | (1.6) | 5 | (2.3) | 1 |
| Retrograde amnesia | 17 | (5) | 6 | (4.8) | 11 | (5) | 1 |
| Visual hallucinations | 1 | (0.3) | 1 | (0.8) | 0 | (0) | 0.33 |
| Behavioral change | 4 | (1.2) | 3 | (2.4) | 1 | (0.5) | 0.11 |
| Tinnitus | 1 | (0.3) | 0 | (0) | 1 | (0.5) | 1 |
Abbreviations: n.a., not accessible; SD, standard deviation; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; IQR, interquartile range; WLST, Withdrawal of life-supporting treatment; GOSE, Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended; ICA, Internal Carotid Artery; MCA, Middle Cerebral Artery; AcomA, Anterior communicating Artery; ACA, Anterior Cerebral Artery; VA, Vertebral Artery; PCA, Posterior Cerebral Artery; PcomA, Posterior communicating Artery; BA, Basilar Artery; PICA, Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery; ICH, Intracerebral hemorrhage; SDH, Subdural hematoma; IVH, Intraventricular hemorrhage; WFNS, World Federation of Neurosurgery; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale.
*
Observed or suspected.
**
Systolic blood pressure >200 mmHg.