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. 2023 Jul 19;10(7):230448. doi: 10.1098/rsos.230448

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

An example research cycle (stages in grey boxes). Text next to the boxes indicates kinds of error that can happen in the process. Note that while most of these phases are generically applicable across disciplines, the sharp distinction between ‘Conducting a study’ and ‘Analysing the results’ applies mostly to quantitative research fields.