Table 1.
Patient clinicopathological characteristics.
| Variables | Total (n=276) |
Training cohort, No. (%) | Test cohort, No. (%) | p-value a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHLF (−) (n=144) |
PHLF (+) (n=50) | p-value | PHLF (−) (n=67) |
PHLF (+) (n=15) |
p-value | |||
| Gender | 0.489 | 0.202 | 1.000 | |||||
| Female | 38 (13.8) | 22 (15.3) | 5 (10.0) | 11 (16.4) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Male | 238 (86.2) | 122 (84.7) | 45 (90.0) | 56 (83.6) | 15 (100.0) | |||
| Age (years) | 0.578 | 0.194 | 0.566 | |||||
| ≤ 55 | 197 (71.4) | 103 (71.5) | 33 (66.0) | 52 (77.6) | 9 (60.0) | |||
| > 55 | 79 (28.6) | 41 (28.5) | 17 (34.0) | 15 (22.4) | 6 (40.0) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.274 | 0.334 | 1.000 | |||||
| ≤ 18.5 | 6 (2.17) | 2 (1.39) | 2 (4.0) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (6.67) | |||
| > 18.8 | 270 (97.8) | 142 (98.6) | 48 (96.0) | 66 (98.5) | 14 (93.3) | |||
| Etiology of hepatitis | 0.891 | 0.503 | 0.872 | |||||
| HBV | 212 (76.8) | 109 (75.7) | 39 (78.0) | 51 (76.1) | 13 (86.7) | |||
| None/others | 64 (23.2) | 35 (24.3) | 11 (22.0) | 16 (23.9) | 2 (13.3) | |||
| Cirrhosis status | 1.000 | 0.641 | 0.817 | |||||
| Present | 146 (52.9) | 77 (53.5) | 27 (54.0) | 33 (49.3) | 9 (60.0) | |||
| Absent | 130 (47.1) | 67 (46.5) | 23 (46.0) | 34 (50.7) | 6 (40.0) | |||
| ALT (IU/L) | 0.220 | 0.087 | 0.147 | |||||
| ≤ 42 | 158 (57.2) | 91 (63.2) | 26 (52.0) | 37 (55.2) | 4 (26.7) | |||
| > 42 | 118 (42.8) | 53 (36.8) | 24 (48.0) | 30 (44.8) | 11 (73.3) | |||
| AST (IU/L) | 0.018 | 0.955 | 1.000 | |||||
| ≤ 42 | 158 (57.2) | 90 (62.5) | 21 (42.0) | 39 (58.2) | 8 (53.3) | |||
| > 42 | 118 (42.8) | 54 (37.5) | 29 (58.0) | 28 (41.8) | 7 (46.7) | |||
| Platelet (×109/L) | 0.013 | 0.475 | 1.000 | |||||
| ≤ 125 | 96 (34.8) | 42 (29.2) | 25 (50.0) | 22 (32.8) | 7 (46.7) | |||
| > 125 | 180 (65.2) | 102 (70.8) | 25 (50.0) | 45 (67.2) | 8 (53.3) | |||
| Child–Pugh grade | 1.000 | 0.183 | 1.000 | |||||
| A | 272 (98.6) | 142 (98.6) | 49 (98.0) | 67 (100.0) | 14 (93.3) | |||
| B | 4 (1.45) | 2 (1.39) | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (6.7) | |||
| ALBI score | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.282 | |||||
| Grade 1 | 126 (45.7) | 73 (50.7) | 11 (22.0) | 40 (59.7) | 2 (13.3) | |||
| Grade 2/3 | 150 (54.3) | 71 (49.3) | 39 (78.0) | 27 (40.3) | 13 (86.7) | |||
| ICG-R15 test | <0.001 | 1.000 | 0.986 | |||||
| ≤ 10% | 254 (92.0) | 139 (96.5) | 39 (78.0) | 62 (92.5) | 14 (93.3) | |||
| > 10% | 22 (7.97) | 5 (3.47) | 11 (22.0) | 5 (7.46) | 1 (6.67) | |||
| Tumor size (cm) | 0.739 | 0.602 | 0.410 | |||||
| ≤ 5 | 130 (47.1) | 69 (47.9) | 26 (52.0) | 30 (44.8) | 5 (33.3) | |||
| > 5 | 146 (52.9) | 75 (52.1) | 24 (48.0) | 37 (55.2) | 10 (66.7) | |||
| Resection extent | 0.629 | 1.000 | 0.832 | |||||
| Minor | 196 (71.0) | 105 (72.9) | 34 (68.0) | 46 (68.7) | 11 (73.3) | |||
| Major | 80 (29.0) | 39 (27.1) | 16 (32.0) | 21 (31.3) | 4 (26.7) | |||
| Laparoscopic operation | 1.000 | 0.218 | 1.000 | |||||
| Yes | 42 (15.2) | 22 (15.3) | 8 (16.0) | 8 (11.9) | 4 (26.7) | |||
| No | 234 (84.8) | 122 (84.7) | 42 (84.0) | 59 (88.1) | 11 (73.3) | |||
| Intraoperative blood loss (ml) | 0.553 | 0.459 | 0.857 | |||||
| ≤ 400 | 222 (80.4) | 117 (81.2) | 38 (76.0) | 56 (83.6) | 11 (73.3) | |||
| > 400 | 54 (19.6) | 27 (18.8) | 12 (24.0) | 11 (16.4) | 4 (26.7) | |||
| Liver resection time (min) | 0.549 | 1.000 | 0.071 | |||||
| ≤ 60 | 227 (82.3) | 125 (86.8) | 41 (82.0) | 50 (75.8) | 12 (75.0) | |||
| > 60 | 49 (17.7) | 19 (13.2) | 9 (18.0) | 16 (24.2) | 4 (25.0) | |||
| MELD score | 0.744 | 0.151 | 0.763 | |||||
| ≤ 9 | 259 (93.8) | 135 (93.8) | 46 (92.0) | 65 (97.0) | 13 (86.7) | |||
| > 9 | 17 (6.16) | 9 (6.25) | 4 (8.0) | 2 (3.0) | 2 (13.3) | |||
ALBI score, albumin–bilirubin score; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; HBV, hepatitis B virus; ICG-R15, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min; MELD score, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score; PHLF, post-hepatectomy liver failure.
a
Between training and test cohorts. Data are expressed as n (%).