Table 1.
Participant characteristics (n = 209)a
| Age, years | 50 (41.00, 57.00) |
| Sex | |
| Female | 105 (50.24%) |
| Male | 104 (49.76%) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| Black | 104 (49.76%) |
| Hispanic | 82 (39.23%) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 18 (8.61%) |
| Asian | 2 (0.96%) |
| Other | 3 (1.44%) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Hypertension | 94 (45.85%) |
| Diabetes | 40 (19.14%) |
| Cardiovascular diseaseb | 22 (10.53%) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 58 (28.28%) |
| Obesity | 31 (15.12%) |
| COPD | 21 (10.05%) |
| HIV | 114 (54.55%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 20 (9.57%) |
| Chronic liver diseasec | 61 (29.19%) |
| Rheumatologic disorders | 36 (17.22%) |
| Neurologic disorders | 149 (71.3%) |
| CNSd | 96 (45.9%) |
| PNSe | 81 (38.8%) |
| Psychiatric disorders | 95 (45.5%) |
| Neurologic examination | |
| Distal sensory polyneuropathy | 81 (38.76%) |
| UPDRS normal | 90 (43%) |
UPDRS United Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, an indicator of abnormal neurologic examination finding referable to the central nervous system, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CNS central nervous system, PNS peripheral nervous system
Values are median (interquartile range) or frequency (percentage)
Includes coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, and arrhythmia
Includes hepatitis B, hepatitis C, other chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis
Includes epilepsy, headache, memory disorders, movement disorders, multiple sclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, vertigo
Includes myopathy, neuromuscular junction disorders, peripheral neuropathies, radiculopathy