TABLE 2.

Plasma‐induced macrophage polarization.

The polarization direction of macrophages	Treated cells	Application	Plasma source	Plasma treatment parameters	Ref.
Proinflammatory M1	Human THP‐1 monocytic model cell	Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment	μ‐DBD	24 kHz, 0.04 w, 1 L/min (N2), 1.2 kV, 2.6 mA, 1 min and 3 min	43
A “M0/M2‐like” phenotype	Resting M0 macrophages from human plasma of 10 healthy donors	Melanoma treatment	APPJ MiniJet‐R	2.45 GHz, level 4, 2 L/min (Ar), 30 s, 60 s, 120 s	44
Promoted M1 to M2 phenotypic shift in an inflammatory microenvironment	The murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7)	Periodontal regeneration	kINPen 09 Activated PAM	1.7 MHz, 2–6 kV, 5 L/min (Ar), 10 min	This project