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. 2023 Jul 18;23:515. doi: 10.1186/s12909-023-04491-y

Table 2.

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances for 2nd and 3rd study combined

pre-game 2x vs. 1.5x post-game 2x vs. 1.5x
2x 1.5x 2x 1.5x
Mean (matching attempts) 30.05882353 30.94444 Mean (matching attempts) 29.52941176 31.55556
Variance 121.8088235 51.34967 Variance 96.88970588 35.9085
Observations 17 18 Observations 17 18
Df 27 df 26
t Stat -0.279806427 t Stat -0.730441427
P(T < = t) one-tail 0.390879247 P(T < = t) one-tail 0.235825777
t Critical one-tail 1.703288446 t Critical one-tail 1.70561792
P(T < = t) two-tail 0.781758494 P(T < = t) two-tail 0.471651554
t Critical two-tail 2.051830516 t Critical two-tail 2.055529439
pre-test 2x vs. 1.5x post-test 2x vs. 1.5x
2x 1.5x 2x 1.5x
Mean 4.647058824 3.722222 Mean 6.117647059 5.333333
Variance 3.492647059 1.624183 Variance 3.110294118 5.411765
Observations 17 18 Observations 17 18
Df 28 df 32
t Stat 1.700796708 t Stat 1.127823783
P(T < = t) one-tail 0.050031757 P(T < = t) one-tail 0.133889939
t Critical one-tail 1.701130934 t Critical one-tail 1.693888748
P(T < = t) two-tail 0.100063514 P(T < = t) two-tail 0.267779878
t Critical two-tail 2.048407142 t Critical two-tail 2.036933343

When comparing the 1.5x and 2x speeds in the combined second and third cohort of students, it was found that none of the observed differences between the pre- and post-quizzes and games were statistically significant at the conventional alpha level of 0.05. This data is observed in Table 2