Table 4.
Pharmacists’ knowledge towards PV and ADR reporting vs sociodemographic characteristics
| Demographic characteristics | Median knowledge score (IQR) | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Female | 5 (3–7) | 0.778a |
| Male | 5 (3–7) | |
| Age | ||
| 20–29 | 4 (3–6) | 0.103b |
| 30–39 | 5 (4–7) | |
| 40–49 | 5 (4–6.5) | |
| ≥ 50 | 6 (2.75–8) | |
| Nationality | ||
| Emirati | 5 (3.25–6) | 0.448b |
| Non-Emirati: | ||
| - Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, Jordan, Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Yemen) | 4 (3–7) | |
| - Asia (India, Pakistan, Philippines, Bangladesh) | 5 (4–7) | |
| - Africa (Moroccan, Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, Nigeria, Somalia) | 5 (3–7) | |
| - America and North America (USA, Canada)c | – | |
| - Europe (UK, Cyprus)c | – | |
| Qualification | ||
| Diploma in Pharmacy | 4.5 (3–6.25) | < 0.001b,* |
| Bachelor in Pharmacy | 4 (3–6) | |
| PharmD | 6 (4–7) | |
| Master of Science in Pharmacy | 5 (4–7) | |
| PhD | 5 (4–6.5) | |
| Country of graduation | ||
| UAE | 5 (3–7) | 0.077b |
| Other countries: | ||
| - Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran) | 4 (3–6) | |
| - Asia (India, Pakistan, Philippines, Bangladesh) | 5 (4–7) | |
| - Africa (Libya, Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, Somalia) | 5 (3.25–7) | |
| - America and North America (USA, Canada) | 3 (3–4.5) | |
| - Europe (UK, Cyprus)c | – | |
| Current position | ||
| Pharmacist technicianc | – | < 0.001b,* |
| Pharmacist | 4 (3–6) | |
| Clinical pharmacist | 6 (5–7) | |
| Pharmacist in charge | 5 (3–7) | |
| Inpatient pharmacist | 7 (4–8) | |
| Outpatient pharmacist | 5 (3–6) | |
| Pharmacy manager | 5 (4–5.5) | |
| Years of experiences | ||
| < 5 | 4 (3–6) | < 0.001b,* |
| 5–9 | 6 (4–7) | |
| 10–14 | 6.5 (4–8) | |
| ≥ 15 | 5 (4–6.5) | |
| Type of setting (hospitals) | ||
| Semi-governmental hospitals | 5 (3–7) | 0.083b |
| Private non-teaching hospitals | 4 (3–7) | |
| Private teaching hospitals | 6 (4–7) | |
| Governmental hospitals | 5 (3–7.5) | |
| Name of the emirates | ||
| Abu Dhabi | 5 (3–6) | 0.452b |
| Dubai | 5 (3–7) | |
| Northern Emirates (Sharjah, Ajman, Ras Al Khaimah, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah) | 5 (3–6) | |
Bold values indicate statistical significance
IQR interquartile range
aMann–Whitney test
bKruskal–Wallis test
cThe total responses may not sum up to 100% in few cases due to low intervals
*Significant (p < 0.05)