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. 2023 Jul 19;18:48. doi: 10.1186/s13024-023-00638-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Differential expression of Caucasian and African American CSF proteomes in AD. Volcano plot displaying the log₂ fold change (FC) (x-axis) against one-way ANOVA with Tukey correction derived -log10 p-value (y-axis) for all proteins (n = 1840) comparing AD versus controls for Caucasians A and African Americans B. Cutoffs were determined by significant differential expression (p < 0.05) between control (CT) and AD cases. Proteins with significantly decreased levels in AD are shown in blue while proteins with significantly increased levels in disease were indicated in red. Select proteins were denoted and labeled by whether they were differentially expressed in both proteomes (yellow), in only the Caucasian proteome (green), or in only the African American proteome (purple). C Venn diagram illustrating the number of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that were uniquely changed in one proteome (green or purple) or changed in both proteomes (yellow) D The correlation between the fold change of all DEPs (n = 402) across the African American proteome (x-axis) and the Caucasian proteome (y-axis) were strongly correlated (bicor = 0.887, p = 2.47e-136), regardless of whether the DEP was significant in one (green or purple) or both proteomes (yellow)