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Silibinin induces apoptosis in oral cancer cells. (A) YD10B and Ca9-22 cells were treated with silibinin (0, 50, 100, and 200 μM) for 48 h and stained with Annexin V-FITC/PI. Apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry. (B) Quantification of apoptotic cells after treatment with silibinin. (C) Protein levels of p53, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Bax, and Bcl-2 determined using western blotting. *p<0.05; **p< 0.01; ***p< 0.001.
