Figure 7.

Silibinin suppresses oral cancer cell growth in a xenograft mouse model. Ca9-22 cells were injected subcutaneously into the right flank of BALB/c-nu mice, followed by intraperitoneal administration of the vehicle or silibinin (100 mg/kg) three times a week. (A) Tumor volume was measured every four days. (B) Tumor weight and (C) tumor mass were determined. (D) Body weights of mice were measured every four days. (E) Histology of the liver and lungs evaluated by H&E staining. (F) Ki67, p-p38, mTOR, and cyclin D1 levels were measured by immunohistochemistry. Representative images are presented. Scale bar, 100 µm. (H) Protein levels of p-JNK, JNK, p-AKT, AKT, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3 assessed using western blotting.